{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T07:25:49Z","timestamp":1785914749601,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687737600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovascular Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. There is a growing use of water-based exercises in cardiac rehabilitation programs. However, there is little data concerning the effects of water-based exercise on the exercise capacity of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Objective. To perform a systematic review to investigate the effects of water-based exercise on peak oxygen consumption, exercise time, and muscle strength in patients with CAD. Methods. Five databases were searched to find randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of water-based exercise for coronary artery disease patients. Mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and heterogeneity was assessed using the <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:msup>\n                           <a:mrow>\n                              <a:mi>I<\/a:mi>\n                           <\/a:mrow>\n                           <a:mrow>\n                              <a:mn>2<\/a:mn>\n                           <\/a:mrow>\n                        <\/a:msup>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> test. Results. Eight studies were included. Water-based exercise resulted in an improvement in peak VO2 of 3.4\u2009mL\/kg\/min (95% CI, 2.3 to 4.5; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:msup>\n                           <c:mrow>\n                              <c:mi>I<\/c:mi>\n                           <\/c:mrow>\n                           <c:mrow>\n                              <c:mn>2<\/c:mn>\n                           <\/c:mrow>\n                        <\/c:msup>\n                        <c:mo>=<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>%; 5 studies, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>N<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>=<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>167<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), exercise time of 0.6 (95% CI, 0.1 to 1.1; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:msup>\n                           <g:mrow>\n                              <g:mi>I<\/g:mi>\n                           <\/g:mrow>\n                           <g:mrow>\n                              <g:mn>2<\/g:mn>\n                           <\/g:mrow>\n                        <\/g:msup>\n                        <g:mo>=<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>0<\/g:mn>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>%; 3 studies, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                        <i:mi>N<\/i:mi>\n                        <i:mo>=<\/i:mo>\n                        <i:mn>69<\/i:mn>\n                     <\/i:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), and total body strength of 32.2\u2009kg (95% CI, 23.9 to 40.7; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                        <k:msup>\n                           <k:mrow>\n                              <k:mi>I<\/k:mi>\n                           <\/k:mrow>\n                           <k:mrow>\n                              <k:mn>2<\/k:mn>\n                           <\/k:mrow>\n                        <\/k:msup>\n                        <k:mo>=<\/k:mo>\n                        <k:mn>3<\/k:mn>\n                     <\/k:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>%; 3 studies, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\">\n                        <m:mi>N<\/m:mi>\n                        <m:mo>=<\/m:mo>\n                        <m:mn>69<\/m:mn>\n                     <\/m:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) when compared to no exercising controls. Water-based exercise resulted in an improvement in peak VO2 of 3.1\u2009mL\/kg\/min (95% CI, 1.4 to 4.7; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <o:math xmlns:o=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\">\n                        <o:msup>\n                           <o:mrow>\n                              <o:mi>I<\/o:mi>\n                           <\/o:mrow>\n                           <o:mrow>\n                              <o:mn>2<\/o:mn>\n                           <\/o:mrow>\n                        <\/o:msup>\n                        <o:mo>=<\/o:mo>\n                        <o:mn>13<\/o:mn>\n                     <\/o:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>%; 2 studies, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <q:math xmlns:q=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\">\n                        <q:mi>N<\/q:mi>\n                        <q:mo>=<\/q:mo>\n                        <q:mn>74<\/q:mn>\n                     <\/q:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), when compared to the plus land exercise group. No significant difference in peak VO2 was found for participants in the water-based exercise plus land exercise group compared with the land exercise group. Conclusions. Water-based exercise may improve exercise capacity and should be considered as an alternative method in the rehabilitation of patients with CAD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/4305474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T23:20:07Z","timestamp":1687821607000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Water-Based Exercises on Peak Oxygen Consumption, Exercise Time, and Muscle Strength in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2665-7839","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alana Lalucha Andrade","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The GrEAt Group (Grupo de Estudos em Atividade F\u00edsica), Brazil"},{"name":"Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil"},{"name":"Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0717-9694","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mansueto","family":"Gomes-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The GrEAt Group (Grupo de Estudos em Atividade F\u00edsica), Brazil"},{"name":"Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9738-7613","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lino S\u00e9rgio Rocha","family":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The GrEAt Group (Grupo de Estudos em Atividade F\u00edsica), Brazil"},{"name":"Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3211-8102","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Micheli Bernardone","family":"Saquetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The GrEAt Group (Grupo de Estudos em Atividade F\u00edsica), Brazil"},{"name":"Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8190-2353","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Caroline Oliveira","family":"Gois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The GrEAt Group (Grupo de Estudos em Atividade F\u00edsica), Brazil"},{"name":"Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil"},{"name":"Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0007-2541","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vitor Oliveira","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The GrEAt Group (Grupo de Estudos em Atividade F\u00edsica), Brazil"},{"name":"Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil"},{"name":"Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000441139.02102.80"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2015.06.035"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000461"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000483"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001800.pub3"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJR.0b013e3283292fcf"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/CJ.a2015.0065"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.03.095"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25011\/cim.v31i2.3369"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1388-9842(03)00048-5"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2005.08.001"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.10.132"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487319878109"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00903"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2021.08.012"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604","volume-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions.","author":"J. 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