{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:53:24Z","timestamp":1792198404771,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673222400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020469","name":"Universidad Cient\u00edfica del Sur","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["148-2019-PRE17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["148-2019-PRE17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020469","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to determine the content of caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) in beverages commonly consumed in Lima, Peru. The samples were divided into 6 groups (herbal teas, coffee powder, chocolate milks, soft drinks, sports drinks, and energy drinks) which included the five most commonly consumed beverages of the different groups. Caffeine was mainly identified in the soft drink and energy drink groups, with the latter having a more significant value (<jats:inline-formula><a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><a:mn>10.38<\/a:mn><a:mo>\u00b1<\/a:mo><a:mn>0.01<\/a:mn><\/a:math><\/jats:inline-formula>vs.<jats:inline-formula><c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><c:mn>95.50<\/c:mn><c:mo>\u00b1<\/c:mo><c:mn>3.48<\/c:mn><\/c:math><\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009mg\/L, respectively). In herbal teas, caffeine showed the highest content (<jats:inline-formula><e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><e:mn>0.47<\/e:mn><e:mo>\u00b1<\/e:mo><e:mn>0.01<\/e:mn><\/e:math><\/jats:inline-formula>to<jats:inline-formula><g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><g:mn>4.91<\/g:mn><g:mo>\u00b1<\/g:mo><g:mn>0.05<\/g:mn><\/g:math><\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009mg\/L), despite theophylline being a characteristic compound of tea leaves. Sports drinks presented very low caffeine levels (<jats:inline-formula><i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><i:mn>0.03<\/i:mn><i:mo>\u00b1<\/i:mo><i:mn>0.01<\/i:mn><\/i:math><\/jats:inline-formula>to<jats:inline-formula><k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><k:mn>0.05<\/k:mn><k:mo>\u00b1<\/k:mo><k:mn>0.01<\/k:mn><\/k:math><\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009mg\/L), and theobromine (<jats:inline-formula><m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><m:mn>0.48<\/m:mn><m:mo>\u00b1<\/m:mo><m:mn>0.01<\/m:mn><\/m:math><\/jats:inline-formula>to<jats:inline-formula><o:math xmlns:o=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><o:mn>6.00<\/o:mn><o:mo>\u00b1<\/o:mo><o:mn>0.02<\/o:mn><\/o:math><\/jats:inline-formula>) was also identified. Caffeine (<jats:inline-formula><q:math xmlns:q=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\"><q:mn>4.09<\/q:mn><q:mo>\u00b1<\/q:mo><q:mn>0.01<\/q:mn><\/q:math><\/jats:inline-formula>to<jats:inline-formula><s:math xmlns:s=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\"><s:mn>5.70<\/s:mn><s:mo>\u00b1<\/s:mo><s:mn>0.01<\/s:mn><\/s:math><\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009mg\/L) and theobromine (<jats:inline-formula><u:math xmlns:u=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M11\"><u:mn>1.70<\/u:mn><u:mo>\u00b1<\/u:mo><u:mn>0.01<\/u:mn><\/u:math><\/jats:inline-formula>to<jats:inline-formula><w:math xmlns:w=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M12\"><w:mn>12.24<\/w:mn><w:mo>\u00b1<\/w:mo><w:mn>0.01<\/w:mn><\/w:math><\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009mg\/L) were found in the five commercial brands of chocolate milk evaluated. Moreover, the group of coffee powder samples had the highest level of caffeine content (<jats:inline-formula><y:math xmlns:y=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M13\"><y:mn>49.25<\/y:mn><y:mo>\u00b1<\/y:mo><y:mn>0.24<\/y:mn><\/y:math><\/jats:inline-formula>to<jats:inline-formula><ab:math xmlns:ab=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M14\"><ab:mn>964.40<\/ab:mn><ab:mo>\u00b1<\/ab:mo><ab:mn>4.93<\/ab:mn><\/ab:math><\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009mg\/100\u2009g). The results obtained in this study provide reliable information on the composition and quantification of methylxanthines in the beverages most consumed in Lima and impact consumer knowledge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/4323645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T14:20:25Z","timestamp":1673274025000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Determination of Caffeine, Theobromine, and Theophylline by HPLC-DAD in Beverages Commonly Consumed in Lima, Peru"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6270-8053","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Karolinhe A.","family":"Gonzales-Y\u00e9pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carrera de Nutrici\u00f3n y Diet\u00e9tica, Universidad Cient\u00edfica del Sur, Carretera Panamericana Sur km 19, Villa El Salvador, Lima 15058, Peru"},{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n, Caracterizaci\u00f3n, Transformaci\u00f3n y Sustentabilidad de los Recursos Naturales del Per\u00fa (CTS Group), Universidad Cient\u00edfica del Sur, Carretera Panamericana Sur km 19, Villa El Salvador, Lima 15058, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0015-6323","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jorge Luis","family":"Vilela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n, Caracterizaci\u00f3n, Transformaci\u00f3n y Sustentabilidad de los Recursos Naturales del Per\u00fa (CTS Group), Universidad Cient\u00edfica del Sur, Carretera Panamericana Sur km 19, Villa El Salvador, Lima 15058, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9773-2176","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Oscar","family":"Re\u00e1tegui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n, Caracterizaci\u00f3n, Transformaci\u00f3n y Sustentabilidad de los Recursos Naturales del Per\u00fa (CTS Group), Universidad Cient\u00edfica del Sur, Carretera Panamericana Sur km 19, Villa El Salvador, Lima 15058, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2008.12.022"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2014.03.009"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21080974"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/46.2.144"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2015.06.022"},{"issue":"4","key":"6","first-page":"413","article-title":"Analysis of theobromine and related compounds by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection: an update (1992-2011)","volume":"49","author":"A. 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