{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T12:19:00Z","timestamp":1788265140428,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674432000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018542","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022NSFSC1547"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC1547"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018542","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32070135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32070135"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018542","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018ZX10715-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZX10715-003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022NSFSC1547"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC1547"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32070135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32070135"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018ZX10715-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZX10715-003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018537","name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022NSFSC1547"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC1547"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018537","name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32070135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32070135"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018537","name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018ZX10715-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZX10715-003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in the Yi ethnic group. The study was designed to identify risk factors for DR-TB and its relationship with HIV\/AIDS. To establish the resistance to antituberculosis drugs, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using culture-positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis samples collected from people of the Yi ethnic group from March 2019 to March 2021. Baseline characteristics were obtained from China\u2019s tuberculosis surveillance system. A total of 116 M. tuberculosis strains were included in the final analysis. Lineage 2.2 (75.86%) was the dominant sublineage, followed by lineage 4.5 (18.97%) and lineage 4.4 (5.17%). The rates of rifampicin-resistant (RR-TB), multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB), and preextensively drug-resistant TB (pre-XDR-TB) were 18.97%, 10.34%, and 6.03%, respectively. Drug-resistant strains were not found in the elderly (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mtext>age<\/a:mtext>\n                        <a:mo>\u2265<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>65<\/a:mn>\n                        <a:mtext>\u2009<\/a:mtext>\n                        <a:mtext>years<\/a:mtext>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). The proportions of RR\/MDR-TB and pre-XDR-TB cases among re-treatment patients were higher than those among new patients (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:msup>\n                           <c:mrow>\n                              <c:mi>\u03c7<\/c:mi>\n                           <\/c:mrow>\n                           <c:mrow>\n                              <c:mn>2<\/c:mn>\n                           <\/c:mrow>\n                        <\/c:msup>\n                        <c:mo>=<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>12.155<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>P<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>=<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>0.003<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:msup>\n                           <g:mrow>\n                              <g:mi>\u03c7<\/g:mi>\n                           <\/g:mrow>\n                           <g:mrow>\n                              <g:mn>2<\/g:mn>\n                           <\/g:mrow>\n                        <\/g:msup>\n                        <g:mo>=<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>22.495<\/g:mn>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                        <i:mi>P<\/i:mi>\n                        <i:mo>=<\/i:mo>\n                        <i:mn>0.001<\/i:mn>\n                     <\/i:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, respectively). The pre-XDR-TB case proportions were higher among female patients than among males and higher among referred patients (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                        <k:msup>\n                           <k:mrow>\n                              <k:mi>\u03c7<\/k:mi>\n                           <\/k:mrow>\n                           <k:mrow>\n                              <k:mn>2<\/k:mn>\n                           <\/k:mrow>\n                        <\/k:msup>\n                        <k:mo>=<\/k:mo>\n                        <k:mn>5.456<\/k:mn>\n                     <\/k:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\">\n                        <m:mi>P<\/m:mi>\n                        <m:mo>=<\/m:mo>\n                        <m:mn>0.032<\/m:mn>\n                     <\/m:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <o:math xmlns:o=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\">\n                        <o:msup>\n                           <o:mrow>\n                              <o:mi>\u03c7<\/o:mi>\n                           <\/o:mrow>\n                           <o:mrow>\n                              <o:mn>2<\/o:mn>\n                           <\/o:mrow>\n                        <\/o:msup>\n                        <o:mo>=<\/o:mo>\n                        <o:mn>15.134<\/o:mn>\n                     <\/o:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <q:math xmlns:q=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\">\n                        <q:mi>P<\/q:mi>\n                        <q:mo>=<\/q:mo>\n                        <q:mn>0.002<\/q:mn>\n                     <\/q:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, respectively). The rates of RR\/MDR-TB and pre-XDR-TB did not differ appreciably among groups with different HIV infection statuses nor lineage populations. DR-TB poses a serious challenge to the Yi ethnic group. Re-treatment patients, women, and referred patients were at high risk of MDR\/RR-TB or pre-XDR-TB while HIV and lineage 2 had negligible association with drug resistance. Whole-genome sequencing should be used to guide the design of treatment regimens and to tailor public interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/4431209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T19:05:37Z","timestamp":1674500737000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Drug Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Based on Whole-Genome Sequencing in the Yi Ethnic Group, Sichuan Province, China"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4953-1588","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wenfeng","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoru","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liangshan, Sichuan, 615000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine, Butuo County People's Hospital, Liangshan, Sichuan, 616350, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9194-0695","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunkui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weina","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6123-5418","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2244-9557","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jinge","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60410-2"},{"key":"2","volume-title":"Global Tuberculosis Report 2021","author":"WHO","year":"2021"},{"issue":"12","key":"3","first-page":"1032","article-title":"A clustering study on pulmonary tuberculosis based on pure spatial clustering and spatiotemporal scanning","volume":"38","author":"T. 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Wenfeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Preventive Medicine Information"},{"issue":"9","key":"14","first-page":"924","article-title":"Analysis of the drug resistance surveillance results of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Fujian province from 2016 to 2019","volume":"43","author":"L. I. Jian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis"},{"issue":"4","key":"15","first-page":"364","article-title":"Analysis of the drug resistance surveillance results of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Hu\u2019nan province from 2014 to 2018","volume":"43","author":"B. A. Hua","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis"},{"issue":"11","key":"16","first-page":"1183","article-title":"Analysis of the drug resistance surveillance results of mycobacterium tuberculosis in Gansu province from 2014 to 2017","volume":"43","author":"L. Qing","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3784\/jbjc.202010290446"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1108789"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150054"},{"key":"20","volume-title":"Global Tuberculosis Report 2020","author":"WHO","year":"2020"},{"issue":"5","key":"21","first-page":"770","article-title":"Analysis on drug resistance-associated mutations of multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis based on whole-genome sequencing in China","volume":"41","author":"G. Min","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"22","first-page":"2252","article-title":"Study on the drug resistance among treatment-experienced tuberculosis patients in Sichuan Province","volume":"41","author":"H. E. Jin-ge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Modern Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2018.10.004"},{"issue":"5","key":"24","first-page":"329","article-title":"Healthcare-seeking experiences of tuberculosis patients with multiple treatment history and its impact on drug-resistant tuberculosis in five provinces of China","volume":"14","author":"L. Qian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chinese Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"16","key":"25","first-page":"2043","article-title":"Research progress on epidemic situation and risk factors of drug-resistant tuberculosis","volume":"30","author":"Z. Xiaoyang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Health Inspection"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1086\/651492","article-title":"HIV infection-associated tuberculosis: the epidemiology and the response","volume":"50","author":"H. Getahun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.16644"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2750-9"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.02.028"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174197"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2019.08.005"}],"container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jir\/2023\/4431209.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jir\/2023\/4431209.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jir\/2023\/4431209.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T19:05:53Z","timestamp":1674500753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jir\/2023\/4431209\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Wenping","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["4431209","4431209"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2023\/4431209","relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-7156","2314-8861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-7156","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2314-8861","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]]}}}