{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T06:33:40Z","timestamp":1778049220691,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,13]],"date-time":"2023-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683936000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Parasitology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. The current study was carried out between October 2017 and October 2018 to explore knowledge, attitudes, practices, and information sources regarding toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in Malakand region, the northwestern part of Pakistan. The current study was carried out between October 2017 and October 2018. Methods. A structured questionnaire was used to interview the women after taking verbal informed consent. Graphpad version 5 was used to indicate the differences. Significant was considered as a<jats:inline-formula><a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><a:mi>P<\/a:mi><\/a:math><\/jats:inline-formula>-value of less than 0.05. This study revealed poor knowledge regarding toxoplasmosis. Results. Overall, 31.2% of the respondents showed good knowledge, and 39.2% showed moderate knowledge. On the other hand, 29.5% of the participants showed poor knowledge about toxoplasmosis. The average knowledge score of pregnant women was<jats:inline-formula><c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><c:mn>79<\/c:mn><c:mo>\u00b1<\/c:mo><c:mn>12.2<\/c:mn><\/c:math><\/jats:inline-formula>, which is considered to be within the scale of good knowledge. Number of children within the pregnant multipara women was significantly associated with knowledge about toxoplasmosis. Pregnant women who measured in number of childbirths within a women showed the highest mean score of<jats:inline-formula><e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><e:mn>42.3<\/e:mn><e:mo>\u00b1<\/e:mo><e:mn>13.3<\/e:mn><\/e:math><\/jats:inline-formula>with 57 (44.8%) displaying a good knowledge level. Pregnant women with more than one child had significantly higher (&lt;0.0001) knowledge scores compared to women with one child or none child. The majority of pregnant women with one child used the social media, followed by mass media as sources of information about toxoplasmosis. Scientific sources of information were used more commonly by pregnant women with none of the child birth. Conclusion. Pregnant women knowledge regarding toxoplasmosis was poor as compared to attitudes and practices. Health workers and newspapers\/magazines were the main sources of information.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/4603066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T12:24:07Z","timestamp":1684153447000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Toxoplasmosis\u2014Awareness and Knowledge of Pregnant Women in Rural Areas of Malakand Region, Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9273-3257","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wali","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Lower Dir, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4917-1911","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hafeez ur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2638-624X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yousef Abdal Jalil","family":"Fadladdin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naseem","family":"Rafiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robi","family":"Naz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Lower Dir, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5056-7003","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Patricio R.","family":"De los Rios-Escalante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Catolica de Temuco, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Departmento de Ciancias Biologicas Quimicas Casella 15-D, Temuco, Chile"},{"name":"N\u00facleo de Estudios Ambientales UC Temuco, Casilla, Temuco, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shabir","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shouaa Abdulaziz","family":"Alrobaish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1631-6467","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Noorah Saleh","family":"Al-Sowayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(01)00201-7"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000200011"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.03.004"},{"key":"4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Some aspects of toxoplasmosis. 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