{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T13:26:36Z","timestamp":1789133196175,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675987200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E\u221226\/202.917\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E\u221226\/202.917\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetes mellitus has been regarded as a condition capable of influencing the evolution of periapical lesions. Therefore, this study evaluated the immunoexpression of IL-1\u03b2, TNF-\u03b1, and IL-17 in apical periodontitis from type 2 diabetic patients through immunohistochemistry. Twenty-six periapical lesions were selected, and the images obtained through immunohistochemistry reactions were analyzed. The statistical significance was set at <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>p<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>&lt;<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.05<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>. IL-1\u03b2 expression was considered focal (54%), weak to moderate (38%), and strong (8%) in diabetics, and focal (46%), weak to moderate (31%), and strong (23%), in controls. TNF-\u03b1 was focal (85%) and weak to moderate (15%) in diabetics, and focal (92%) and weak to moderate (8%), in controls. IL-17 was focal (8%), weak to moderate (46%), and strong (46%) in diabetics, and focal (62%), weak to moderate (8%), and strong (30%), in controls. The quantitative analysis revealed greater expression of IL-17, with a significant difference between IL-17\u2009\u00d7\u2009IL-1\u03b2\u2009\u00d7\u2009TNF-\u03b1<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\" separators=\"|\">\n                           <c:mrow>\n                              <c:mi>p<\/c:mi>\n                              <c:mo>=<\/c:mo>\n                              <c:mn>0.0009<\/c:mn>\n                           <\/c:mrow>\n                        <\/c:mfenced>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> in the diabetic group. The cytokines IL-1\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1 did not express statistical differences between the tested groups. The IL-17 showed higher immunoexpression in the diabetic group <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <h:math xmlns:h=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <h:mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\" separators=\"|\">\n                           <h:mrow>\n                              <h:mi>p<\/h:mi>\n                              <h:mo>=<\/h:mo>\n                              <h:mn>0.047<\/h:mn>\n                           <\/h:mrow>\n                        <\/h:mfenced>\n                     <\/h:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, which may suggest higher bone resorption activity in chronic apical periodontitis in this group of patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/4961827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,11]],"date-time":"2023-02-11T00:35:06Z","timestamp":1676075706000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression in Apical Periodontitis 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