{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T14:47:53Z","timestamp":1785941273844,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695600000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Parasitology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Malaria and typhoid fever remain the major cause of morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical countries. It is common today to see patients being concurrently infected or treated for the two diseases. Objective. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of malaria, typhoid fever, and their coinfection among febrile patients at Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9 Regional Hospital, Adamawa, Cameroon. Methodology. A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted on 208 febrile patients coming for medical consultation at Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9 Regional Hospital and suspected for malaria and\/or typhoid fever from September to November 2019. After receiving the consent of each patient, clinical and sociodemographic information were collected using a pretested semistructured questionnaire. Thereafter, blood samples were collected and subjected to (i) blood film examination for malaria detection and (ii) qualitative and semiquantitative Widal assay for typhoid fever detection. Results. Plasmodium falciparum was the only species identified, and the prevalence of malaria was 50.0% (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>n<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>=<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>104<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). The seroprevalence of typhoid fever was 64.3% (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>n<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>=<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>133<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). The malaria and typhoid fever coinfection was 30.3% (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>n<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>=<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>63<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). The coinfection between S. paratyphi (A, B, and C) and malaria was also observed with the prevalence ranging from 32.2 to 63.9%. Female group and children from 2 to 10 years old were the most affected groups by the two infectious agents. Conclusion. Typhoid fever and malaria were more prevalent in Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9 City, particularly in children and women. Further studies should be done on the risk factors of malaria and typhoid fever coinfection in different study areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/5334813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T20:05:06Z","timestamp":1695672306000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Malaria and Typhoid Fever Coinfection among Febrile Patients in Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9 (Adamawa, Cameroon): A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6346-6666","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Francky Steve","family":"Sohanang Nodem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Engineering and Quality Control, University Institute of Technology, University of Ngaoud\u00e9r\u00e9, P.O. Box 455, Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didiane","family":"Ymele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9, P.O. Box 455, Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mouni","family":"Fadimatou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9, P.O. Box 455, Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simeon-Pierre Chegaing","family":"Fodouop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9, P.O. Box 455, Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/ijpr\/2020\/v5i430140"},{"key":"2","volume-title":"World Malaria Report 2014, Geneva","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014"},{"key":"3","volume-title":"World Malaria Report 2016, Geneva","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3753-8"},{"key":"5","volume-title":"The Role of Community Health Promotion Programs in the Prevention of Malaria in Cameroon","author":"O. S. N. Vatang","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"6","first-page":"42","article-title":"Prevalence of typhoid and malaria co-infection among patients attending a public hospital in Yola, Nigeria","volume":"7","author":"M. Sale","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Mosquito Research"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03504-1"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23937\/2474-3658\/1510166"},{"issue":"2","key":"9","first-page":"1","article-title":"High occurrence of typhoid fever and malaria co-infection among patients clinically diagnosed of malaria and or typhoid infection in Calabar, Nigeria","volume":"29","author":"N. Ubengama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Laboratory Science"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2690-6759.jpar-19-3081"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24248\/eahrj.v2i2.589"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-400"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/ijtdh\/2015\/18935"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2325-9590.1000230"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12038-014-9451-y"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/ijtdh\/2016\/25920"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511543470","volume-title":"District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries, Part 2","author":"M. Cheesbrough","year":"2006"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21010\/ajid.v12i1.6"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/531074"},{"issue":"7","key":"20","first-page":"18","article-title":"Co-infection of malaria and typhoid fever in Ekwulumili community Anambra State, Southeastern Nigeria","volume":"7","author":"A. Onyido","year":"2014","journal-title":"New York Science Journal"},{"key":"21","volume-title":"World Health Statistics 2015","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/jhpn.v28i5.6150"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001644"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-005-9172-7"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.03.008"},{"issue":"2","key":"26","first-page":"64","article-title":"Typhoid and malaria co-infection \u2013 an interesting finding in the investigation of a tropical fever","volume":"13","author":"W. Sulaiman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences"}],"container-title":["Journal of Parasitology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jpr\/2023\/5334813.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jpr\/2023\/5334813.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jpr\/2023\/5334813.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T20:05:14Z","timestamp":1695672314000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jpr\/2023\/5334813\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Serrano Ferron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["5334813","5334813"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2023\/5334813","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-0031","2090-0023"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-0031","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2090-0023","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]}}}