{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T05:01:22Z","timestamp":1778302882178,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686787200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec - Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOP-57883"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP-57883"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOP-57883"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP-57883"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOP-57883"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP-57883"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Biomedical Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We propose an enhanced method to accurately retrieve time-activity curves (TACs) of blood and tissue from dynamic 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) cardiac images of mice. The method is noninvasive and consists of using a constrained nonnegative matrix factorization algorithm (CNMF) applied to the matrix (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>A<\/a:mi>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) containing the intensity values of the voxels of the left ventricle (LV) PET image. CNMF factorizes <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>A<\/c:mi>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> into nonnegative matrices <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>H<\/e:mi>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> and <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:mi>W<\/g:mi>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, respectively, representing the physiological factors (blood and tissue) and their associated weights, by minimizing an extended cost function. We verified our method on 32 C57BL\/6 mice, 14 of them with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). With CNMF, we could break down the mouse LV into myocardial and blood pool images. Their corresponding TACs were used in kinetic modeling to readily determine the [18F]FDG influx constant (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                        <i:msub>\n                           <i:mrow>\n                              <i:mi>K<\/i:mi>\n                           <\/i:mrow>\n                           <i:mrow>\n                              <i:mi>i<\/i:mi>\n                           <\/i:mrow>\n                        <\/i:msub>\n                     <\/i:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) required to compute the myocardial metabolic rate of glucose. The calculated <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                        <k:msub>\n                           <k:mrow>\n                              <k:mi>K<\/k:mi>\n                           <\/k:mrow>\n                           <k:mrow>\n                              <k:mi>i<\/k:mi>\n                           <\/k:mrow>\n                        <\/k:msub>\n                     <\/k:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> values using CNMF for the heart of control mice were in good agreement with those published in the literature. Significant differences in <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\">\n                        <m:msub>\n                           <m:mrow>\n                              <m:mi>K<\/m:mi>\n                           <\/m:mrow>\n                           <m:mrow>\n                              <m:mi>i<\/m:mi>\n                           <\/m:mrow>\n                        <\/m:msub>\n                     <\/m:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> values for the heart of control and AMI mice were found using CNMF. The values of the elements of <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <o:math xmlns:o=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\">\n                        <o:mi>W<\/o:mi>\n                     <\/o:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> agreed well with the LV structural changes induced by ligation of the left coronary artery. CNMF was compared with the recently published method based on robust unmixing of dynamic sequences using regions of interest (RUDUR). A clear improvement of signal separation was observed with CNMF compared to the RUDUR method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/5366733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T18:20:06Z","timestamp":1686853206000},"page":"1-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Enhanced Extraction of Blood and Tissue Time-Activity Curves in Cardiac Mouse FDG PET Imaging by Means of Constrained Nonnegative Matrix Factorization"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6231-2630","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Otman","family":"Sarrhini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center, Research Center of the Sherbrooke University Hospital (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9863-3548","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pedro","family":"D\u2019Orl\u00e9ans-Juste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacques A.","family":"Rousseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center, Research Center of the Sherbrooke University Hospital (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6200-9818","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Beaudoin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center, Research Center of the Sherbrooke University Hospital (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8541-0783","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Roger","family":"Lecomte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center, Research Center of the Sherbrooke University Hospital (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2002\/760473"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-013-0638-7"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/1-84628-007-9_6"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.111.099382"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpet.2007.10.005"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.106.035774"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjt099"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.106.038182"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.115.162768"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MNM.0000000000000097"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nucmedbio.2007.07.010"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/7290.2010.00004"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.112.110114"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2057-1976\/ab6496"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.107.047613"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aaac02"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-010-0347-4"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2007.910744"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/25\/2\/008"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNS.1982.4332188"},{"issue":"2","key":"21","first-page":"330","article-title":"Minimally invasive method of determining blood input function from PET images in rodents","volume":"47","author":"J. 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