{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T18:20:23Z","timestamp":1791656423010,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":107,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Cynara humilis<\/jats:italic> is traditionally used to treat skin burns and microbial infections. However, experimental studies on this plant are rare. Furthermore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of <jats:italic>Cynara humilis<\/jats:italic>, a Moroccan herbal remedy, on the healing of deep second\u2010degree burns in rats with a silver sulfadiazine group. This research was also carried out to confirm if <jats:italic>C. humilis<\/jats:italic> had antibacterial capabilities. Under typical burn procedures, each rat received a deep second\u2010degree burn on the upper back. The burns were treated regularly with control groups (control and control VH), silver sulfadiazine (SDD) in group 3, <jats:italic>C. humilis<\/jats:italic> ethanolic extract (CHEE) in group 4, and <jats:italic>C. humilis<\/jats:italic> aqueous extract (CHAE) in group 5. Throughout the treatment, digital photography was used to measure rat responses to the treatment until day 18. After the scar biopsy at the end of the study, histological parameters (inflammatory cells, collagen, epithelialization, fibrosis, and granulation tissue) were assessed. Using the well technique, the antibacterial activity of the extracts was tested against <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> CIP 483, <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic> CIP 5262, <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> CIP 53126, <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> CIP 82118, and <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic> CIP 8039, and the results showed important activities of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts against the five species tested with MICs of 2 and 4\u2009mg\/mL, respectively. In the aqueous extract group, the wound healed faster. In addition, the healing rate in the <jats:italic>C. humilis<\/jats:italic> extracts (CHEA and CHEE) group was faster than in the silver sulfadiazine and control groups. In the <jats:italic>C. humilis<\/jats:italic> group, maximum wound surface recovery was observed at the same time, as it was not noted in the silver sulfadiazine group. Pathologically, epithelialization was more marked in wounds treated with <jats:italic>C. humilis<\/jats:italic> extracts (CHE). Angiogenesis and inflammatory cells were considerably lower in the CHE group than in the silver and other control groups. However, elastic fibers were considerable in the CHE\u2010treated group. In histological examination, the <jats:italic>C. humilis<\/jats:italic> group had a low incidence of angiogenesis and inflammation, indicating that this group had less wound scarring. Collagen and burn wound healing were both faster in the <jats:italic>C. humilis<\/jats:italic> group. The findings of this study suggest that <jats:italic>C. humilis<\/jats:italic>, as indicated by traditional medicine, is a promising natural source for the management of wound healing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/5855948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T18:50:09Z","timestamp":1681843809000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Evaluation of the Wound Healing Potential of <i>Cynara humilis<\/i> Extracts in the Treatment of Skin Burns"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"given":"Najoua","family":"Salhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Otman","family":"El Guourrami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lamiae","family":"Rouas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siham","family":"Moussaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9992-7898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amina","family":"Moutawalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima Zahra","family":"Benkhouili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mouna","family":"Ameggouz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9387-5492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Merae","family":"Alshahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Abdullah","family":"Al Awadh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9317-1631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelhakim","family":"Bouyahya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"My El Abbes","family":"Faouzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yahya","family":"Cherrah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2011.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","first-page":"69","article-title":"Antioxidant activity and the estimation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the root extract of amaranthus spinosus","volume":"3","author":"Barku V. 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