{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:34:39Z","timestamp":1787168079121,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]],"date-time":"2023-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693008000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010654","name":"Universidad San Francisco de Quito","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010654","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A cross-sectional study was conducted on bovine brucellosis in a sample of 173 medium\/small-scale cattle farmers in a tropical region of Ecuador. A total of 173 milk tank samples were collected and analyzed through an indirect ELISA. A survey was also applied to each farm to collect information on herd management, evaluate the level of knowledge about the disease and estimate the risk that bovine brucellosis on those farms could represent for public health. The apparent prevalence among farms was 11.5% (95% CI: 6.7%\u201316.2%). The medium farms had a prevalence significantly higher (23.8%, 95% CI: 10.9%\u201336.6%,\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>p<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>&lt;<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.0001<\/a:mn>\n                      <\/a:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ) than the small farms (7.6%, 95% CI: 4.5%\u20139%). Two multivariable analysis were conducted to identify risk factors associated with bovine brucellosis or reproductive disorders. Medium farms had 3.7 more odds to be infected than the small farms (OR: 3.7, 95% CI: 1.39\u20139.84,\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>p<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>=<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.008<\/c:mn>\n                      <\/c:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ). Incineration\/burial of abortion material was identified as a protective factor (OR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.14\u20130.98,\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>p<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>=<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>0.04<\/e:mn>\n                      <\/e:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ). Farm size and brucellosis were identified as risk factors for the occurrence of reproductive disorders. Only 25% of the farmers were aware of bovine brucellosis. Unpasteurized curdled milk was regularly consumed and marketed on 112 farms of which 14 were positive for bovine brucellosis. Highly at-risk practices, such as manipulation of aborted fetuses were also reported. These results indicate that there is a need to develop public health education programs targeted at medium\/small-scale farmers in Ecuador.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/6242561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]],"date-time":"2023-08-26T15:05:22Z","timestamp":1693062322000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Farm Prevalence of Bovine Brucellosis, Farmer Awareness, and Local Practices in Small- and Medium-Scale Cattle Farms in a Tropical Region of Ecuador"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4587-8795","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"R. L.","family":"Vinueza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Paris-Est, Anses, Laboratory for Animal Health, Epidemiology Unit, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France"},{"name":"Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Cumbay\u00e1, Quito 150157, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0669-1394","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"B.","family":"Durand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Paris-Est, Anses, Laboratory for Animal Health, Epidemiology Unit, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8618-2057","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"F.","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Escuela de Salud P\u00fablica, Cumbay\u00e1, Quito 150157, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2882-4384","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"F.","family":"Salas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Cumbay\u00e1, Quito 150157, Ecuador"},{"name":"Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Instituto de Medicina Social & Desaf\u00edos globales, Cumbay\u00e1, Quito 150157, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3960-6646","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"A.","family":"Ferreira Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Paris-Est, Anses, Laboratory for Animal Health, Bacterial Zoonoses Unit, National and OIE (WOAH) Animal Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3395-4113","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"L.","family":"Freddi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Paris-Est, Anses, Laboratory for Animal Health, Bacterial Zoonoses Unit, National and OIE (WOAH) Animal Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9633-4464","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"C.","family":"Ponsart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Paris-Est, Anses, Laboratory for Animal Health, Bacterial Zoonoses Unit, National and OIE (WOAH) Animal Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0165-5784","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"G.","family":"Zanella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Paris-Est, Anses, Laboratory for Animal Health, Epidemiology Unit, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","volume-title":"Brucellosis in Humans and Animals","author":"M. J. Corbel","year":"2006"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70286-4"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2011.04.007"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.32.1.2193"},{"key":"5","first-page":"69","article-title":"The epidemiology of bovine brucellosis","volume":"24","author":"P. Nicoletti","year":"1980","journal-title":"Advances in Veterinary Science and Comparative Medicine"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(02)00367-X"},{"key":"7","article-title":"Manual de procedimientos para la atenci\u00f3n y control de brucelosis bovina en el Ecuador","volume-title":"Ministerio De Agricultura, Ganader\u00eda, Acuacultura Y Pesca. Documento oficial","author":"Agrocalidad","year":"2016"},{"key":"8","unstructured":"C\u00e1rdenas ContrerasZ. L.La Brucelosis Bovina y Sus Factores de Riesgo: Evaluaci\u00f3n a Nivel Mundial y en Colombia2018Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona[Ph.D Thesis]"},{"key":"9","article-title":"Enfermedades infecciosas | brucelosis","author":"D. H. Laplume","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"10","article-title":"Zoonosis y enfermedades transmisibles comunes al hombre y a los animales. volumen i: bacteriosis y micosis","volume":"75","author":"P. N. Acha","year":"2001","journal-title":"Revista Espa\u00f1ola de Salud P\u00fablica"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2010.51.289"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2017.1345366"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2021.105557"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-28159-2_8"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2012.11.013"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12691\/ajeid-5-2-2"},{"key":"17","article-title":"Plan nacional de control y erradicaci\u00f3n de la brucelosis bovina en el Ecuador","author":"Agrocalidad","year":"2008"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268818002534"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-017-1421-6"},{"key":"20","volume-title":"Aislamiento y Biotipificaci\u00f3n de Brucella spp., de Reservorios Animales Seropositivos, en el Centro de Faenamiento de Tulc\u00e1n","author":"M. Hern\u00e1n","year":"2013"},{"key":"21","article-title":"Gaceta epidemiol\u00f3gica 2021, leptospirosis y Brucelosis","author":"MSP","year":"2021"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sste.2013.02.001"},{"issue":"3","key":"23","first-page":"164","article-title":"Seroprevalencia de brucelosis en ganado bovino y en humanos vinculados a la ganader\u00eda bovina en las zonas norte y centro de la provincia Manab\u00ed, Ecuador\u00ed","volume":"37","author":"M. D. Zambrano Aguayo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Revista de Salud Animal"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.26.3.1781"},{"issue":"2","key":"25","first-page":"79","article-title":"Evaluaci\u00f3n de la aplicaci\u00f3n del programa de control de brucelosis bovina en la provincia Manab\u00ed, Ecuador","volume":"38","author":"M. D. Zambrano Aguayo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Revista de Salud Animal"},{"key":"26","unstructured":"Paucar QuishpeA. V.Estimaci\u00f3n Bayesiana de la prevalencia real y propiedades diagn\u00f3sticas (sensibilidad y especificidad) de 2 pruebas serol\u00f3gicas (RBT y SAT-EDTA) para el diagn\u00f3stico de Brucelosis bovina en Ecuador2019QuitoFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del EcuadorM.S. thesis"},{"key":"27","article-title":"WinEpi: working in epidemiology. an online epidemiological tool","author":"I. de-Blas"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0471722146","volume-title":"Applied Logistic Regression","author":"D. W. Hosmer","year":"2000","edition":"2nd"},{"key":"29","article-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R foundation for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2021"},{"key":"30","article-title":"Brucellosis in latin America","volume-title":"Brucellosis","author":"A. L\u00f3pez-Merino","year":"1989","edition":"1st"},{"key":"31","volume-title":"Primer Informe Sobre Recursos Zoogen\u00e9ticos (Subsecretar\u00eda de Fomento Productivo, p. 6,8) [Cooperaci\u00f3n FAO-MAGAP]","author":"R. Haro O\u00f1ate","year":"2003"},{"key":"32","volume-title":"Agricultura Familiar en Latinoam\u00e9rica: Continuidades, Transformaciones y Controversias","author":"C. Craviotti","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"33","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalencia de brucelosis (Brucella spp.) en bovinos del municipio de San Vicente del Cagu\u00e1n, Caquet\u00e1, Colombia","volume":"12","author":"P. A. Motta-Delgado","year":"2018","journal-title":"Veterinaria y Zootecn\u00eda"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2009.10.1.61"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-013-0362-y"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810000968"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2022.105608"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0362"},{"issue":"2","key":"39","first-page":"203","article-title":"Brucelosis: una revisi\u00f3n pr\u00e1ctica","volume":"39","author":"H. A. Castro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica Latinoamericana"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijvsm.2018.01.008"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.1998.9694845"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103858"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/VMRR.S266350"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12535"},{"issue":"4","key":"45","first-page":"312","article-title":"Brucella abortus infection in indigenous Korean dogs","volume":"67","author":"B. K. Baek","year":"2003","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"46","first-page":"1567","article-title":"Epidemiology of bovine brucellosis in the Mexicali valley, Mexico: results of path analysis","volume":"45","author":"M. D. Salman","year":"1984","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00321"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2012.12.008"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/S0716-10182016000600007"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21897\/rmvz.1341"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.38.3.3026"},{"key":"52","first-page":"330","article-title":"Caracterizaci\u00f3n socioecon\u00f3mica y productiva de las granjas de doble prop\u00f3sito orientadas a la producci\u00f3n de leche en una regi\u00f3n tropical de Ecuador. Caso de la provincia de Manab\u00ed","volume":"9","author":"Y. G. Torres","year":"2015","journal-title":"Revista Cient\u00edfica"},{"key":"53","first-page":"21","article-title":"Evaluaci\u00f3n de las p\u00e9rdidas econ\u00f3micas causadas por brucelosis bovina en las comunidades de chaguarpata y launag en el cant\u00f3n chunchi provincia de chimborazo, Ecuador","volume-title":"Observatorio de la Econom\u00eda Latino Americana","author":"E. L. A. Uvidia","year":"2018"},{"key":"54","first-page":"927","article-title":"Study of knowledge about bovine brucellosis among people involved in the cattle supply chain in the province of Manab\u00ed, Ecuador","volume":"36","author":"M. P\u00e9rez Ruano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Revue Scientifique et Technique International Office of Epizootics"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108592"},{"key":"56","volume-title":"An\u00e1lisis de competitividad de la cadena agroalimentaria de la leche y sus derivados en el Ecuador, en el circuito de queser\u00edas rurales, para el per\u00edodo 1990-2001","author":"M. A. Nieto Albuja","year":"2002"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.v38i3.3677"},{"key":"58","first-page":"303","article-title":"Estudio de Un brote epid\u00e9mico de 81 casos de brucelosis consecutivo al consumo de queso fresco sin pasteurizar","volume":"70","author":"J. C. Monsalve","year":"1996","journal-title":"Revista Espa\u00f1ola de Salud P\u00fablica"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2012.1191"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000944"},{"issue":"2","key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0302.970219","article-title":"Brucellosis: an overview","volume":"3","author":"M. J. Corbel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"}],"container-title":["Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/tbed\/2023\/6242561.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/tbed\/2023\/6242561.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/tbed\/2023\/6242561.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]],"date-time":"2023-08-26T15:05:39Z","timestamp":1693062339000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/tbed\/2023\/6242561\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Horacio","family":"Bach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["6242561","6242561"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2023\/6242561","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-1682","1865-1674"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-1682","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1865-1674","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]]}}}