{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:06:33Z","timestamp":1790870793040,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":38,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Healthcare Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Internet of Things (IoT) technologies allow building a digital representation of people, objects, or physical phenomena to be available on the Internet. Thus, stakeholders can access this information from remote places or computational systems could analyze this data to find patterns, make decisions, or execute actions. For instance, a doctor could diagnose patients by analyzing the received data from an IoT system even when patients are located in a remote place. This article proposes an IoT system for monitoring electrocardiogram (ECG) signal and processing heart data in order to generate an alert when an arrhythmia is present. This system involves a Polar H10 heart sensor, machine\u2010learning models to classify heart events, and communication technology to share and store patient\u2019s information. In the first place, the architecture of the IoT monitoring system and the communication between the components are described by discussing the designing criteria. Second, the experimentation process performs the training and the assessment of three classification algorithms, random forest, convolutional neural network, and k\u2010nearest neighbors. The results show that k\u2010nearest neighbor has the best accuracy percentage classifying the arrhythmias under study (premature ventricular contraction 94%, fusion of ventricular beat 81%, and supraventricular premature beat 82%); also, it is able to discern normal and unclassifiable beats with 93% and 97%, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/6401673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T23:21:30Z","timestamp":1675898490000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["IoT Based System for Heart Monitoring and Arrhythmia Detection Using Machine Learning"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1715-6760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruben Enrique","family":"Ca\u00f1\u00f3n-Clavijo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3608-7158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Enrique","family":"Montenegro-Marin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8758-1412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo Alonso","family":"Gaona-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0068-7749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"Ortiz-Guzm\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","first-page":"210","article-title":"Descripci\u00f3n del electrocardiograma normal y lectura del electrocardiograma","volume":"40","author":"Alfredo Zavala-Villeda J.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Revista Mexicana de Anestesiolog\u00eda"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence to Solve Pervasive Internet of Things Issues","author":"Kaur Gurjit T. M.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429399084"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","volume-title":"Introduction to Machine Learning","author":"Ethem A.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","unstructured":"RajkumarR. De NizD. andMarkK. Cyber-Physical Systems 2013 53 no. 9."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","unstructured":"World-Health-Organization Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) 2021 https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.4.1561"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15420\/ecr.2008.4.2.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvb939cp.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ParkJ. LeeK. andKangK. Arrhythmia detection from heartbeat using k-nearest neighbor classifier Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine December 2013 Shanghai China 15\u201322 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/BIBM.2013.6732594 2-s2.0-84894569791.","DOI":"10.1109\/BIBM.2013.6732594"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-4666-1755-1.ch013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2020.564015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","first-page":"6","article-title":"Polar H10 heart rate sensor system","volume":"1","author":"Electro P.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polar Research technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imu.2021.100550"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2020.11.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9781\/ijimai.2021.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","unstructured":"Mathworks Thingspeak 2016 https:\/\/www.mathworks.com\/help\/thingspeak\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","unstructured":"Heroku Heroku PostgresSQL 2019 https:\/\/devcenter.heroku.com\/articles\/heroku-postgresql."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2016.02.090"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","first-page":"43","article-title":"Sistema de telemonitoreo de salud en casa para \u2018Titulaci\u00f3n de Medicamentos\u2019 en el tratamiento de la insuficiencia card\u00edaca: arquitectura para una soluci\u00f3n interoperable","volume":"11","author":"Barbosa-casanova G.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Revista Mexicana de Ingenieria Biomedica"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","unstructured":"International Communication Union Introduction to the ITU-T H.810 Continua Design Guidelines 2017 https:\/\/www.itu.int\/dms_pub\/itu-t\/opb\/tut\/T-TUT-EHT-2017-H810-PDF-E.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14482\/inde.32.1.5148"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-03577-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2020.104104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_2","volume-title":"The ECG Made Easy E-Book","author":"Hampton J.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_2","unstructured":"University of Nottingham Practice Learning Resources 2022 https:\/\/www.nottingham.ac.uk\/nursing\/practice\/resources\/cardiology\/function\/bipolar_leads.php."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjca.2015.10.12.588"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-6757(95)90160-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14744\/AnatolJCardiol.2016.6843"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjca.2019.14.3.114"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_2","unstructured":"Intermountain Healthcare Ambulatory Telemetry Monitors 2021 https:\/\/intermountainhealthcare.org\/services\/heart-care\/treatment-and-detection-methods\/ambulatory-telemetry-monitors\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000082930.04238.8C"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_2","volume-title":"Cardiac arrhythmias: from basic mechanism to state-of-the-art management","author":"Kibos A. S.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32388\/i9fedx"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_2","unstructured":"clevelandclinic org Arrhythmia 2022 https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/16749-arrhythmia."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_2","unstructured":"ManolisA. S. Supraventricular premature beats 2022 https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/supraventricular-premature-beats?source=history_widget#H538017237."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_2","unstructured":"Oasis MQTT Version 3.1.1 2014 OASIS Stand http:\/\/docs.oasis-open.org\/mqtt\/mqtt\/v3.1.1\/os\/mqtt-v3.1.1-os.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_2","unstructured":"ProjectE. EMQX documentation 2020 https:\/\/www.emqx.io\/docs\/en\/v4.3\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_2","unstructured":"Json org Json 2018 https:\/\/www.json.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2021.100395"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2021.107254"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2020.100285"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-7078-0_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1967.1053964"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15546\/aeei-2014-0021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1010933404324"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-7687-1_50"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ApandiZ. F. M. IkeuraR. andHayakawaS. Arrhythmia detection using MIT-BIH dataset: a review Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Computational Approach in Smart Systems Design and Applications (ICASSDA) August 2018 Kuching Malaysia https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICASSDA.2018.8477620 2-s2.0-85055886656.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSDA.2018.8477620"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/cic.1997.648140"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/51.932724"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_2","unstructured":"Polar Polar SDK 2017 https:\/\/github.com\/polarofficial\/polar-ble-sdk."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2020.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_2","volume-title":"Clean Architecture: A Craftsman\u2019s Guide to Software Structure and Design","author":"Robert C M.","year":"2017"}],"container-title":["Journal of Healthcare Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jhe\/2023\/6401673.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jhe\/2023\/6401673.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2023\/6401673","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T13:56:29Z","timestamp":1722952589000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2023\/6401673"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Balaanand","family":"Muthu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2023\/6401673"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2023\/6401673","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2040-2295","2040-2309"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2040-2295","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-2309","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-08-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"6401673"}}