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Fluorouracil (5-Fu), oxaliplatin, and cisplatin are the most effective chemotherapeutic agents for clinical chemotherapy. Nevertheless, due to chemotherapeutic drug resistance, the survival rate of patients with CRC remains very low. In this study, we used the inflammation-induced or mutation-family-inherited murine CRC models to study the anticancer and immunotherapy effects of urolithin B (UB), the final metabolite of polyphenols in the gastrointestinal tract. The label-free proteomics analysis and the gene ontology (GO) classifications were used to test and analyze the proteins affected by UB. And 16S rDNA sequencing and flow cytometry were utilized to uncover gut microbiome composition and immune defense improved by UB administration. The results indicated that urolithin B prevents colorectal carcinogenesis by remodeling gut microbial and tumor immune microenvironments, such as HLA-B, NK cells, regulatory T cells, and \u03b3\u03b4 TCR cells, and decreasing the PD-L1. The combination of urolithin B with first-line therapeutic drugs improved the colorectal intestinal hematochezia by shaping gut microbiota, providing a strategy for the treatment of immunotherapy treatment for CRC treatments. UB combined with anti-PD-1 antibody could inhibit the growth of colon cancer. Urolithin B may thus contribute to anticancer treatments and provide a high immune response microenvironment for CRC patients\u2019 further immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/6480848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T20:06:02Z","timestamp":1675281962000},"page":"1-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The Gut Microbiota Metabolite Urolithin B Prevents Colorectal Carcinogenesis by Remodeling Microbiota and PD-L1\/HLA-B"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"given":"Lixue","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinlong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qijun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziqian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyao","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children\u2019s Health, 100045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueying","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4759-6983","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wenhua","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers10010026"},{"key":"2","first-page":"600","article-title":"Chinese code for diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer (2020 edition)","volume":"40","author":"National Health Commission","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Practical Surgery"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clcc.2019.01.003"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2017.03.001"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.4154"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2016-0109"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers6031769"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i30.6876"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10090854"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17588359211006348"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-3065"},{"key":"12","article-title":"Pivotal role of PD-1\/PD-L1 immune checkpoints in immune escape and cancer progression: their interplay with platelets and FOXP3+Tregs related molecules, clinical implications and combinational potential with phytochemicals","volume":"86","author":"D. 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