{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:19:16Z","timestamp":1784679556267,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692662400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pain Research and Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Pediatric dentists often find it challenging to handle pediatric patients due to their fear, unease, and anxiety toward dental procedures. To address this, sedation agents such as intranasal midazolam and nitrous oxide are commonly used as pharmacological behavior management methods. A child\u2019s temperament affects their behavior in unfamiliar settings. Aim. To study the effect of child temperament on the acceptance of the nasal mask and intranasal drug administration in children undergoing dental treatment. Methods. Thirty-two anxious children aged three to five were randomly assigned to two groups. During the first visit, one group received intranasal midazolam sedation, while the other group received nitrous oxide administered through a mask. On the subsequent visit, the groups crossed over. The parent assessed the child\u2019s temperament, and the acceptance of the sedation methods was recorded. The Ohio State University Behavioral Rating Scale (OSUBRS) was employed to assess behavior during the administration of local anesthesia. Statistical analysis was carried out using the chi-square test and Mann\u2013Whitney U test (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>p<\/a:mi>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> value &lt;0.05). Results. Children exhibited greater acceptance of the nasal mask compared to using the intranasal route for delivering midazolam during the induction process. A significant statistical influence of temperament was observed on the acceptance of the nasal mask and the intranasal atomisation device (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>p<\/c:mi>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> value &lt;0.05). The mean OSUBRS scores did not show any statistically significant differences between the sedation groups (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>p<\/e:mi>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009=\u20090.14). Conclusion. Most children demonstrated a more favorable acceptance of the nasal mask during the induction process; however, intranasal midazolam can serve as an effective alternative for anxious patients who struggle to keep the nitrous oxide mask on during the dental procedure. The adoption of these methods is influenced directly by the child\u2019s temperament.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/6655628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T18:40:02Z","timestamp":1692729602000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Influence of Temperament on the Acceptance of Two Conscious Sedation Techniques in Toddlers Undergoing Dental Treatment: A Randomised Cross Over Trial"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4957-3083","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Palak","family":"Janiani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6014-946X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Deepa","family":"Gurunathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1204-5551","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sivakumar","family":"Nuvvula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore 524003, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd003877.pub4"},{"key":"2","first-page":"18","article-title":"Recent advances in non-pharmacological Behaviour management techniques in children\u2014an overview","volume":"18","author":"K. Swarna","year":"2019","journal-title":"IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Science"},{"key":"3","article-title":"Guidelines for the use of sedation and general anesthesia by dentists","author":"American Dental Association","year":"2023"},{"issue":"5","key":"4","first-page":"385","article-title":"Survey of American Academy of pediatric dentistry on nitrous oxide and sedation: 20 Years later","volume":"38","author":"S. Wilson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatric Dentistry"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12745"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2016.9.15003"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-2117"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-263x.2001.00237.x"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.20981"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031529"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-3327.311419"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4801400a"},{"issue":"4","key":"13","first-page":"E26","article-title":"American Academy of pediatric dentistry, American Academy of pediatrics. Guidelines for monitoring and management of pediatric patients before, during, and after sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures","volume":"41","author":"C. J. Cot\u00e9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatric Dentistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"14","first-page":"530","article-title":"Temperament and development","volume":"8","author":"A. Thomas","year":"1978","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17219\/dmp\/109929"},{"key":"16","first-page":"12","article-title":"The safety and efficacy of intranasal midazolam sedation combined with inhalation sedation with nitrous oxide and oxygen in paediatric dental patients as an alternative to general anaesthesia","volume":"26","author":"M. Wood","year":"2010","journal-title":"SAAD Digest"},{"issue":"6","key":"17","first-page":"94","article-title":"Policy on the use of deep sedation and general anesthesia in the pediatric dental office","volume":"38","author":"American Academy on Pediatric Dentistry Council on Clinical Affairs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatric Dentistry"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children10010090"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.58308"},{"issue":"1","key":"20","first-page":"5","article-title":"The relationship between child temperament and early childhood caries","volume":"23","author":"R. Quinonez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatric Dentistry"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/000163502760148007"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-2085"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ccd.ccd_470_20"}],"container-title":["Pain Research and Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/prm\/2023\/6655628.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/prm\/2023\/6655628.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/prm\/2023\/6655628.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T18:40:10Z","timestamp":1692729610000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/prm\/2023\/6655628\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Valeriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["6655628","6655628"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2023\/6655628","relation":{},"ISSN":["1918-1523","1203-6765"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1918-1523","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1203-6765","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]]}}}