{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T01:53:43Z","timestamp":1785894823283,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696896000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sodium metabisulfite (SMB) is a biocide and antioxidant agent generally used as a preservative in food and beverage industries but can oxidize to harmful sulfite radicals. A standardized Ginkgo biloba (EGb-761) has demonstrated potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which is beneficial for the treatment of diseases that exhibit oxidative stress and inflammation. The present study sought to investigate the putative ameliorative effects of EGb-761 against SMB-induced toxicity in mice. Thirty-two male Swiss white mice were randomized into control, SMB-treated, SMB\u2009+\u2009EGb-761-treated, and EGb-761-treated groups. EGb-761 (100\u2009mg\/kg\/day) and SMB (98\u2009mg\/kg\/day) were administered by gastric gavage for 40\u2009days. Oral administration of EGb-761 restored SMB-induced decrease in body weight and prevented SMB-induced thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, and anemia. Furthermore, EGb-761-treatment protected against SMB-induced liver and kidney injury depicted by decreased serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, urea, uric acid, and albumin. Furthermore, EGb-761 treatment attenuated SMB-driven dyslipidemia and metabolic acidosis. Besides, EGb-761 supplementation abrogated SMB-driven oxidative stress as depicted by stabilized reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in the brain, liver, kidney, spleen, heart, and lungs. SMB induced a significant increase of tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), serum nitric oxide (NO), interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3) and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) which were abrogated by EGb-761 treatment. In conclusion, these results deepen our understanding of EGb-761 in light of various detrimental effects of SMB-driven toxicities. These findings provide a novel approach that can be optimized for preventing or treating exposure due to SMB toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/7058016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T22:50:14Z","timestamp":1696978214000},"page":"1-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Sodium Metabisulfite-Induced Hematotoxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Organ Damage Ameliorated by Standardized Ginkgo biloba in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"given":"Nancy Wambui","family":"Wairimu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, Nairobi 00200, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peninah","family":"Wairagu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. 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