{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T04:35:26Z","timestamp":1771475726661,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Enterococci are facultative anaerobic, Gram\u2010positive bacteria found in pairs and short chains that exist as normal microflora both human and animal. Enterococci have become a substantial source of nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patients, such as urinary tract infection (UTI), bacteremia, endocarditis, and wound infection. Earlier antibiotic therapy, length of hospital stays, and length of earlier vancomycin treatment, surgical wards, or intensive care units are all risk factors. Additionally, the presence of coinfections such as diabetes and renal failure and the presence of a urinary catheter were aggravated factors to develop infections. Data on the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and associated factors of enterococcal infection among HIV\u2010positive patients are scarce in Ethiopia. <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. To determine the asymptomatic carriage rate, multidrug resistance pattern, and risk factors of enterococci in clinical samples among HIV\u2010positive patients attending at Debre Birhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North Showa, Ethiopia. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. A hospital\u2010based cross\u2010sectional study was conducted from May to August 2021, at Debre Birhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. To obtain sociodemographic data and possible associated factors of enterococcal infections, a pretested structured questionnaire was utilized. During the study period, clinical samples such as urine, blood, swabs, and other bodily fluids from participants sent to the bacteriology section for cultures were included. The study comprised a total of 384 HIV\u2010positive patients. Enterococci were identified and confirmed using bile esculin azide agar (BEAA), Gram stain, catalase response, growth in broth containing 6.5% NaCl, and growth in BHI broth at 45\u00b0C. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 25. <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> values &lt; 0.05 with 95% confidence interval were considered statistically significant. <jats:italic>Result<\/jats:italic>. The overall asymptomatic carriage rate of enterococcal infection was 8.85% (34\/384). Urinary tract infections were the most common, followed by wounds and blood. The vast majority of the isolate was found in urine, blood, and wound and fecal, 11 (32.4%), 6 (17.6%), and 5 (14.7%), respectively. Overall, 28 (82.35%) bacterial isolates were resistant to three and more than three antimicrobial agents. Duration of hospital associated with &gt;48\u2010hour hospital stays (AOR = 5.23, 95% C.I: 3.42\u201024.6), previous history of catheterization (AOR = 3.5, 95% C.I: 5.12\u201044.31), WHO clinical, stage IV (AOR = 1.65, 95% C.I: 1.23\u20103.61), andCD4\u2009count &lt; 350(AOR = 3.5, 95% C.I: 5.12\u201044.31) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). All were associated with higher level of enterococcal infection than their respective groups. <jats:italic>Conclusion and Recommendation<\/jats:italic>. Patients with UTIs, sepsis, and wound infection had a greater rate of enterococcal infection than the rest of the patients. Clinical samples in the research area yielded multidrug\u2010resistant enterococci, including VRE. The presence of VRE suggests that multidrug\u2010resistant Gram\u2010positive bacteria have fewer antibiotic treatment options.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/7310856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T17:20:26Z","timestamp":1675704026000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Asymptomatic Carriage Rate, Multidrug Resistance Level, and Associated Risk Factors of Enterococcus in Clinical Samples among HIV\u2010Positive Patients Attending at Debre Birhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North Showa, Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2343-2119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihret","family":"Tilahun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9678-5513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alemu","family":"Gedefie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zenawork","family":"Sahle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-185-1_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.026385-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555817923.ch1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.11.5796-5799.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.601490"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8081118"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1769500"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","first-page":"217","article-title":"Vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections: epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and optimal management","volume":"8","author":"O\u2019Driscoll T.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infection and drug resistance"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","first-page":"1039","article-title":"Update on bacterial nosocomial infections","volume":"16","author":"Bereket W.","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01631.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","first-page":"111","article-title":"Enterococcal infections & antimicrobial resistance","volume":"128","author":"Sood S.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00788"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11051075"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9090565"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","first-page":"121","article-title":"Prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in hospitalized patients and those living in the community in the Czech Republic","volume":"29","author":"Kolar M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"New Microbiologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa271"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.198923"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_2","volume-title":"Medical Microbiology E-Book","author":"Murray P. 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