{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:07:03Z","timestamp":1791644823258,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]],"date-time":"2023-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679443200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008697","name":"University of Karachi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008697","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioural Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The current study was planned to assess the neuropharmacological benefits of the Cucurbita maxima seed. These seeds have been conventionally used for the nutritional as well as amelioration of various diseases. However, there was a need to provide a pharmacological basis for such use. Four central nervous system-related functions, that is, anxiety, depression, memory, and motor coordination, were evaluated, and the levels of brain biogenic amines were also assessed. Anxiety was evaluated through selected experimental models, such as light and dark apparatus, elevated plus maze, head dip, and open field test. The head dip test was mainly used to assess exploratory behavior. Depression was assessed by two animal models, that is, the forced swim test and tail suspension test. Memory and learning ability were assessed by the passive avoidance test, stationary rod apparatus, and Morris\u2019s water maze test. Motor skilled learning was assessed by stationary rod and rotarod apparatus. Reversed phase high-pressure liquid chromatography was used to determine biogenic amine levels. Results reveal that C. maxima exhibited anxiolytic and antidepressant effects with memory improvement. There was a reduction in the weight of the animal following chronic administration. Furthermore, no remarkable effects were observed on motor coordination. Norepinephrine was found elevated, which may be linked to its antidepressant effects. These biological effects of C. maxima may be due to the presence of secondary metabolites, such as cucurbitacin, beta-sitosterol, polyphenolic compounds, citrulline, kaempferol, arginine, \u03b2-carotene, quercetin, and other antioxidants. The outcomes of the present study authenticate that the chronic use of C. maxima seeds reduces the intensity of neurological problems like anxiety and depression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/7509937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]],"date-time":"2023-03-22T20:05:07Z","timestamp":1679515507000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Cucurbita maxima Seeds Reduce Anxiety and Depression and Improve Memory"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7467-0080","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shahana","family":"Wahid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University Lyari, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2240-4757","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ali","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8051-759X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rafeeq Alam","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University Education City, Link Road, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.210381897"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2685-05.2006"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-211-72369-2"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2017.04.018"},{"key":"5","first-page":"60","article-title":"Consensus statement on posttraumatic stress disorder from the international consensus group on depression and anxiety","volume":"61","author":"J. 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