{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T04:57:23Z","timestamp":1791867443211,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":155,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Nowadays, the immunomodulatory properties of plants have been studied extensively with greater interest due to increasing awareness and combating the severity of immunomodulatory diseases. <jats:italic>Scope and Approach<\/jats:italic>. This paper highlights the efficacy of the available literature evidence on natural immunomodulators of plant origin and synthetic ones. In addition, several aspects of plants and their phytoconstituents responsible for immunomodulation have been discussed. Moreover, this review also discusses the mechanism involved in immunomodulation. <jats:italic>Key Findings<\/jats:italic>. One hundred fifty medicinal immunomodulatory plants are currently identified to find novel immunomodulatory drugs. Of these plants, the plant family <jats:italic>Asteraceae<\/jats:italic> also takes the first rank by offering 18 plant species (12%). Similarly of the plants studied so far, 40% belong to the <jats:italic>Asteraceae<\/jats:italic> family. <jats:italic>Echinacea purpurea<\/jats:italic> of this family is most known for its immunostimulating activity. The most prominent immune\u2010active bioactive molecules are polyphenols, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Also, eight plant bioactive immunomodulators were checked for clinical trials and found in the market. These are six immunosuppressants, resveratrol, epigallocatechin\u20103\u2010gallate, quercetin, colchicine, capsaicin, and andrographolide, and two immunostimulants, curcumin and genistein. Nowadays, there are a lot of polyherbal traditional medicinal products sold in the market and claimed to their immunomodulators. However, much work is still needed to find more active immunomodulatory agents. The mechanism by which immunomodulatory medicinal plant exert their effect is through the induction of cytokines and phagocyte cells and the inhibition of iNOS, PGE, and COX\u20102 synthesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/7711297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T18:05:05Z","timestamp":1685988305000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Plants and Plant\u2010Derived Molecules as Natural Immunomodulators"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9422-1493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meseret","family":"Zebeaman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7623-8443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mesfin Getachew","family":"Tadesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8053-9027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rakesh Kumar","family":"Bachheti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7728-6479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Archana","family":"Bachheti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahel","family":"Gebeyhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5940-4638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kundan Kumar","family":"Chaubey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02240"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers6031769"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_2","volume-title":"Commonly Used Drugs-Uses, Side Effects, Bioavailability and Approaches to Improve It: Uses, Side Effects, Bioavailability & Approaches to Improve It","author":"Karaman R.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature.2017.21550"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00422"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_2","volume-title":"Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases 2014","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ajtcam.v10i5.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2012.754.774"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115402"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/66618"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01394"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003205067-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2011.09.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051516"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030963"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_2","article-title":"Strengthening immunity with immunostimulants: a","volume":"7","author":"Paul S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Current Trends in Pharmaceutical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429278990"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-394591-4.00004-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_2","volume-title":"Medical Herbalism: The Science and Practice of Herbal Medicine","author":"Hoffmann D.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-54027-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_2","unstructured":"Phathology D.o How common are autoimmune diseases? 2022 Januarry 2022 https:\/\/pathology.jhu.edu\/autoimmune\/prevalence."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-014-0102-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2020.1801422"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540105.2021.1978941"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019262338701500301"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2020.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_2","volume-title":"Immune System Structure and Function","author":"Meagher M.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1710-1492-7-S1-S1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_30_2","volume-title":"General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry","author":"Stoker H. 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