{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:34:44Z","timestamp":1792629284208,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":351,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory skin condition that affects virtually everyone at some point. Papules, comedones, pustules, scarring, and nodules are standard features of the disease and can have a detrimental social and psychological impact on an individual. Although allopathic acne treatments are available, they have adverse side effects, are expensive, and are prone to cause antibiotic resistance. The present study is aimed at formulating and evaluating topical gels containing <jats:italic>Aloe vera<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Allium cepa<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Eucalyptus globulus<\/jats:italic> extracts as potential antiacne drugs. Six formulations containing the herbal extracts were prepared using 1% Carbopol 940 as a gelling agent. The phytochemical composition of the plant extracts was determined. The extracts and gels\u2019 minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was assessed using the microbroth dilution method. The physicochemical properties of the formulated gels, such as homogeneity, colour, texture, odour, grittiness, spreadability, extrudability, viscosity, pH, and drug content, were evaluated. All the plant extracts contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, and coumarins. The gel formulations showed varying activity against <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> at various concentrations. The phytochemical components of the plant extracts are probably responsible for the antimicrobial activity of the gel formulations. The 5% <jats:italic>Aloe vera<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>Allium cepa<\/jats:italic> (1\u2009:\u20091) combination gel formulation showed excellent activity against <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>, with MICs of 12.50, 25.00, 6.25, 25.00, and 12.50\u2009mg\/mL, respectively. The gels generally had good physicochemical and antimicrobial properties and could be used as antiacne remedies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/7838299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T21:35:07Z","timestamp":1702935307000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal\u2010Based Antiacne Gel Preparations"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1477-0798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia Afrakoma","family":"Ansong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8917-7360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Asante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4829-2447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raphael","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8879-230X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariam El","family":"Boakye-Gyasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4203-217X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noble","family":"Kuntworbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2674-6217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederick William Akuffo","family":"Owusu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4298-0820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwabena","family":"Ofori-Kwakye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2017.26.125.10954"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20198203"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19704"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(17)30293-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13462"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.EWX.0000470561.85599.0d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14824"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20959\/wjpps20167-7135"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","unstructured":"BerryS. 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