{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:18:54Z","timestamp":1791332334629,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702339200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Iraqi Ministry of Health"},{"name":"Al-Ain Private University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anesthesiology Research and Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a serious postdelivery condition with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality for women who undergo childbirth with or without a caesarean section. Melatonin has been suggested to increase the contractility of myometrium and reduce the pain score postoperatively, therefore it is believed that the use of melatonin before surgery may decrease blood loss, reduce pain score, and decrease the need for postoperative opioids. Objectives. The main objectives of this study are focused on the investigation of melatonin as a premedication agent to reduce blood loss and decrease pain score postoperatively in patients undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Methods. 80 patients were scheduled for spinal anesthesia-based cesarean sections and randomly assigned to two groups, melatonin group (M) 40 patients and placebo group (P) 40 patients to receive either 10\u2009mg of sublingual melatonin or a placebo of 90\u2009minutes preoperatively. Hemoglobin levels were been measured preoperative and 12\u2009hrs. Postoperatively, blood loss volume was calculated by measuring both the weight of used materials before and after the surgery and the volume sucked in the suction bottle after placental delivery. Postoperative visual pain score and analgesic requirements were used to evaluate pain levels. Results. Analyzed collected data showed a significant decrease in blood loss in the melatonin group in comparison with the placebo group as measured by the hemoglobin level. On the other hand, there is a significant decrease in pain score and analgesia requirement with the melatonin group compared to the placebo group. Conclusion. Melatonin is a promising premedication drug that has a significant impact on postpartum hemorrhage by reducing blood loss and pain levels of mothers who have undergone C-sections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/8102111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T18:35:08Z","timestamp":1702406108000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Impact of Melatonin as a Premedication Agent in Caesarean Section on Blood Loss and Postoperative Pain Level"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7422-0060","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hussein","family":"Alkhfaji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah, Iraq"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine Ibn El Jazzar, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9646-7451","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Kahloul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Sahloul Teaching Hospital, University of Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talib Razaq M.","family":"Askar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thi Qar University Medical College, Nasiriyah, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9975-7315","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Majid Fakhir","family":"Alhamaidah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4475-7307","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hussein","family":"Ali Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031835"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-022-03646-5"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13224-019-01205-7"},{"key":"4","volume-title":"Acute Postpartum Hemorrhage","author":"K. 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