{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T12:04:59Z","timestamp":1772625899210,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":264,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002701","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00238107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00238107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002630","name":"Ewha Womans University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002630","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002635","name":"Inha University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002635","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Chrysanthemum zawadskii<\/jats:italic> (CZ) and <jats:italic>Cudrania tricuspidata<\/jats:italic> (CT) are both traditional Korea herbal medicines, which is widely used to treat fever, cough, gastritis, and women\u2019s diseases that may be linked to inflammatory response. Although it has been used to treat diseases related to inflammation, there has been no case of the synergistic anti\u2010inflammatory properties of both extracts. Our data revealed that ethanol extracts of dried whole CZ exhibited free radical\u2010scavenging capacity <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, reduced LPS\u2010induced intracellular reactive oxygen species, and decreased the LPS\u2010induced upregulations of the mRNAs encoding iNOS, COX\u20102, and IL\u20106 in RAW 264.7 cells, without significant cytotoxicity. This anti\u2010inflammatory effect was most evident from flower extracts: ethanol extracts from flowers significantly reduced the LPS\u2010induced upregulations of iNOS and COX\u20102 at a concentration of 100\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/ml. An ethanol extract of the fruit from CT also exerted a radical scavenging capacity and suppressed LPS\u2010induced proinflammatory gene expression: 5.5\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/ml of the ethanol extract significantly reduced the ability of LPS to induce the mRNA expression levels of iNOS and IL\u20106 without apparent cytotoxicity. Furthermore, as little as 1.0\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/ml of the combined ethanol extracts of CZ flower and CT fruit reduced the LPS\u2010induced changes monitored herein, decreasing the upregulations of iNOS and IL\u20106, and decreasing the nuclear localization of NF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B p65. These results suggest that the observed synergistic anti\u2010inflammatory effects may be mediated via inhibition of NF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B signaling. Taken together, these data suggest that ethanol extracts from CZ flowers and CT fruits have synergistic anti\u2010inflammatory effects and that a combination of the two extracts could prove useful for the treatment of inflammation\u2010related diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/8198228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T21:20:06Z","timestamp":1695417606000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Synergistic Anti\u2010Inflammatory Effects of Ethanol Extracts from <i>Chrysanthemum zawadskii<\/i> Flower and <i>Cudrania tricuspidata<\/i> Fruit Occur via Inhibition of the NF\u2010<i>\u03ba<\/i>B Signaling Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4363-8095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jisun","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6348-6090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bohee","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yeong Woo","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3000-8428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inn-Oc","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8908-6821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eok-Soo","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00491"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2014.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10010110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.169"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-019-2720-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02976559"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2012.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-010-9239-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14336\/ad.2017.0306"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18433\/j3vw2f"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0023-6438(95)80008-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf020071c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00705"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-8-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np800418j"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5b00903"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-010-0158-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","first-page":"746","article-title":"Cytotoxic flavonoids from the whole plants of Chrysanthemum zawadskii herbich var. latilobum kitamura","volume":"16","author":"Kwon H. S.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Life Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3746\/jkfn.2009.38.12.1685"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2014.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2006.08.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2008.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3577"}],"container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2023\/8198228.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2023\/8198228.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2023\/8198228","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T15:06:23Z","timestamp":1722956783000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2023\/8198228"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Daniel Dias Rufino","family":"Arcanjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2023\/8198228"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2023\/8198228","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-427X","1741-4288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-427X","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-4288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-06-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"8198228"}}