{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T10:04:19Z","timestamp":1748253859224,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682640000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009392","name":"Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PSAU\/2023\/R\/1444"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSAU\/2023\/R\/1444"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Complexity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. A country\u2019s agriculture reflects a backbone and performs a vital part in the betterment of the economy and individuals. Facts and figures of the agriculture sector offer a solid foundation and factual pathway intended for upcoming decisions in favor of a country. Accordingly, the probability models have a more significant influence not only in reliability engineering, hydrology, ecology, and medicine but also in agriculture sciences. Objective. The primary objective of this study is to propose a reliable and efficient model for pearl millet yield analysis, thereby empowering decision-makers to make informed decisions about their farming practices. With the successful implementation of this model, farmers can potentially increase their pearl millet yield, leading to higher incomes and improved livelihoods for the rural population of Pakistan. Model. This study proposes a novel probability model, namely, the alpha transformed odd exponential power function (ATOE-PF) distribution, for analyzing pearl millet yield in Punjab, Pakistan. Data. For data collection, two secondary data sets are explored that are electronically available on the site of the Directorate of Agriculture (Economics and Marketing) Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. Results. The maximum likelihood estimation technique is used for estimating the model parameters. For the selection of a better fit model, we follow some accredited goodness of fit tests. The efficiency and applicability of the ATOE-PF distribution are discussed over the province of Punjab (with RMSE\u2009=\u20094.9176) and Pakistan (with RMSE\u2009=\u20094.5849). Better estimates and closest fit to data among the well-established neighboring models offer robust evidence in support of ATOE-PF distribution as well.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/8713812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T14:05:10Z","timestamp":1682690710000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An Alternative Statistical Model to Analysis Pearl Millet (Bajra) Yield in Province Punjab and Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8545-7055","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Muhammad Zeshan","family":"Arshad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Zafar","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9352-588X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Festus","family":"Were","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramy","family":"Aldallal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Accounting, College of Business Administration in Hawtat Bani Tamim, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fathy H.","family":"Riad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematics Department College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3493-033X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M. E.","family":"Bakr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Operations Research, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusra A.","family":"Tashkandy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Operations Research, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eslam","family":"Hussam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helwan University, Faculty of Science, Department of Mathematics, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Gemeay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Impact of agriculture productivity on economic growth: a case study of Pakistan","volume":"5","author":"A. G. 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