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Apneic events cause significant oscillatory surges in nocturnal blood pressure (BP). Trajectories of these surges vary widely. This variability challenges the quantification, characterization, and mathematical modeling of BP surge dynamics. We present a method of aggregating trajectories of apnea-induced BP surges using a sample-by-sample averaging of continuously recorded BP. We applied the method to recordings of overnight BP (average total sleep time: <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mn>4.77<\/a:mn>\n                        <a:mo>\u00b1<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>1.64<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009h) for 10 OSA patients (mean AHI: 63.5 events\/h; range: 18.3-105.4). We studied surges in blood pressure due to obstructive respiratory events separated from other such events by at least 30\u2009s (274 total events). These events increased systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP by <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mn>19<\/c:mn>\n                        <c:mo>\u00b1<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>7.1<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009mmHg (14.8%) and <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mn>11<\/e:mn>\n                        <e:mo>\u00b1<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>5.6<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009mmHg (15.5%), respectively, relative to mean values during wakefulness. Further, aggregated SBP and DBP peaks occurred on average 9\u2009s and 9.5\u2009s after apnea events, respectively. Interestingly, the amplitude of the SBP and DBP peaks varied across sleep stages, with mean peak ranging from <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:mn>128.8<\/g:mn>\n                        <g:mo>\u00b1<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>12.4<\/g:mn>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> to <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                        <i:mn>166.1<\/i:mn>\n                        <i:mo>\u00b1<\/i:mo>\n                        <i:mn>15.5<\/i:mn>\n                     <\/i:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009mmHg for SBP and from <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                        <k:mn>63.1<\/k:mn>\n                        <k:mo>\u00b1<\/k:mo>\n                        <k:mn>8.2<\/k:mn>\n                     <\/k:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> to <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\">\n                        <m:mn>84.2<\/m:mn>\n                        <m:mo>\u00b1<\/m:mo>\n                        <m:mn>9.4<\/m:mn>\n                     <\/m:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009mmHg for DBP. The aggregation method provides a high level of granularity in quantifying BP oscillations from OSA events and may be useful in modeling autonomic nervous system responses to OSA-induced stresses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/8787132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T22:05:09Z","timestamp":1686866709000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Respiratory Event-Induced Blood Pressure Oscillations Vary by Sleep Stage in Sleep Apnea Patients"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"given":"Yao Shun","family":"Chaung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7544-5595","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Raichel M.","family":"Alex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahrshi","family":"Jani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering Department, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3188-5297","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Donald E.","family":"Watenpaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering Department, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1555-9889","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Radana","family":"Vilimkova Kahankova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3752-0328","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Scott A.","family":"Sands","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khosrow","family":"Behbehani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering Department, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00043.2008"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e3283130f66"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/29.9.1203"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.07.002"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2015.15"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007022"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.05.005"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/31.6.795"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6664"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-019-01869-5"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP085092"},{"issue":"4","key":"12","first-page":"435","article-title":"Post-apneic inhalation reverses apnea-induced sympathoexcitation before restoration of blood oxygen levels","volume":"22","author":"D. 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Grote","year":"1996","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Kardiologie"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.hyp.16.4.414"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2018.09.013"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2019.8856611"},{"issue":"3","key":"23","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of apnea-induced dynamic blood pressure variations","volume":"3","author":"R. M. 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