{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:37:42Z","timestamp":1792291062125,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697068800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioural Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cannabidiol (CBD), derived from Cannabis sativa, has gained remarkable attention for its potential therapeutic applications. This thorough analysis explores the increasing significance of CBD in treating neurological conditions including epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson\u2019s disease, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease, which present major healthcare concerns on a worldwide scale. Despite the lack of available therapies, CBD has been shown to possess a variety of pharmacological effects in preclinical and clinical studies, making it an intriguing competitor. This review brings together the most recent findings on the endocannabinoid and neurotransmitter systems, as well as anti-inflammatory pathways, that underlie CBD\u2019s modes of action. Synthesized efficacy and safety assessments for a range of neurological illnesses are included, covering human trials, in vitro studies, and animal models. The investigation includes how CBD could protect neurons, control neuroinflammation, fend off oxidative stress, and manage neuronal excitability. This study emphasizes existing clinical studies and future possibilities in CBD research, addressing research issues such as regulatory complications and contradicting results, and advocates for further investigation of therapeutic efficacy and ideal dose methodologies. By emphasizing CBD\u2019s potential to improve patient well-being, this investigation presents a revised viewpoint on its suitability as a therapeutic intervention for neurological illnesses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/8825358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T17:50:10Z","timestamp":1697133010000},"page":"1-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Cannabidiol (CBD) in Neurological Disorders: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8772-8157","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kuldeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bharat","family":"Bhushan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilip Kumar","family":"Chanchal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satish Kumar","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ketki","family":"Rani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoj Kumar","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Chhalesar Campus, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prateek","family":"Porwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shivendra","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9399-0856","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ashwani","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, 121105, Palwal, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1615-5213","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tarun","family":"Virmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, 121105, Palwal, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2917-3277","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Girish","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, 121105, Palwal, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7627-4970","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abdullah Al","family":"Noman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2012.12.002"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr271"},{"key":"3","volume-title":"Therapeutic effects of cannabis and cannabinoids","author":"National Academies of Sciences E and M","year":"2017"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1574889809666140307115532"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2016.08.007"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/sni.sni_45_18"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.595635"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines5030091"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42238-021-00078-w"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6479953"},{"key":"11","volume-title":"Information about mental illness and the brain","author":"(US) NI of H, Study BSC","year":"2007"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1691428"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-018-0969-9"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7812\/TPP\/20.156"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9740\/mhc.2020.11.317"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1087011"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-015-0377-3"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2012.04341.x"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.01.003"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-022-01020-z"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2021.05.002"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/4139117"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2018.07.039"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S369712"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.989717"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19030833"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24081459"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5863\/1551-6776-25.6.485"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2019.0052"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28073271"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14740\/jocmr4090"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11050766"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27154961"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2012.0313"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20780.x"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.6058-10.2011"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101301"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2016.00370"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-023-03469-1"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16355"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228870"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.11.035"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105357"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X17666191010094849"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12561"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2011.00049"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-015-3917-y"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.195"},{"issue":"7","key":"49","first-page":"392","article-title":"Overview of drugs used for epilepsy and seizures: etiology, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"35","author":"M. M. Goldenberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacy and Therapeutics"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12699"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13351"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.020"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17150"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.4607"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168920"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01426.x"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2019.0068"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-020-00326-8"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25245789"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094294"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00020"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2022.100149"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052757"},{"issue":"1","key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-5-40","article-title":"Huntington\u2019s disease: a clinical review","volume":"5","author":"R. A. C. Roos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(91)90386-G"},{"key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14102101"},{"key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22041863"},{"key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2017-0015"},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02466"},{"key":"70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00259"},{"key":"71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.130.4.601"},{"key":"72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.130.4.601"},{"key":"73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1780"},{"key":"74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881117737400"},{"key":"75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2021.102429"},{"key":"76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psycom.2022.100074"},{"key":"77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10050801"},{"key":"78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2019.103202"},{"key":"79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14740\/jocmr4159"},{"key":"80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8071058"},{"issue":"3","key":"81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.3947","article-title":"Nabiximols as an agonist replacement therapy during cannabis withdrawal: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"71","author":"D. J. Allsop","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.837946"},{"key":"83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458504ms1048oa"},{"key":"84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13050846"},{"key":"85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-023-02169-w"},{"issue":"3","key":"86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0000000000000550","article-title":"Medical cannabis in the treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"46","author":"T. S. Aladeen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinical Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-020-00251-0"},{"key":"88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25215186"},{"key":"89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8336561"},{"key":"90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12072532"},{"key":"91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-011-9273-8"},{"key":"92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.694394"},{"key":"93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1204526"},{"key":"94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-021-01579-x"},{"key":"95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285610390261"},{"key":"96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10060360"},{"key":"97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20085430"},{"key":"98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13710"},{"key":"99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285610375328"},{"key":"100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10111575"},{"key":"101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.120.000340"},{"issue":"3","key":"102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-021-01003-y","article-title":"Cannabidiol in the treatment of epilepsy","volume":"41","author":"R. von Wrede","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Drug Investigation"},{"issue":"21","key":"103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1611618","article-title":"Cannabidiol in Dravet Syndrome Study Group. Trial of cannabidiol for drug-resistant seizures in the Dravet syndrome","volume":"376","author":"O. Devinsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881108096519"},{"key":"105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)30136-3"},{"key":"106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-015-0387-1"},{"key":"107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2017.02.009"},{"key":"108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7812\/tpp\/18-041"},{"key":"109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.626010"},{"key":"110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2013.03.011"},{"key":"111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.2016.1121098"},{"key":"112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2017.02.041"},{"key":"113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2023.05.003"},{"key":"114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.17030325"},{"key":"115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.586110"},{"key":"116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104173"},{"key":"117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21082778"},{"key":"118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157015906778019527"},{"key":"119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179472"},{"key":"120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11061667"},{"key":"121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2021.0090"},{"key":"122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10102492"},{"key":"123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2054358119828391"},{"key":"124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.12260"},{"key":"125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2005.01.029"},{"key":"126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13061099"},{"key":"127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001386"},{"key":"128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10245852"},{"key":"129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.58.3.2"},{"key":"130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8070989"},{"key":"131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2016.0034"},{"key":"132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2005.01553.x"},{"key":"133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/jxx.0000000000000864"},{"key":"134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000517154"}],"container-title":["Behavioural Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bn\/2023\/8825358.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bn\/2023\/8825358.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bn\/2023\/8825358.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T17:50:16Z","timestamp":1697133016000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/bn\/2023\/8825358\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Beata","family":"\u0141abuz-Roszak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]]},"references-count":134,"alternative-id":["8825358","8825358"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2023\/8825358","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-8584","0953-4180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-8584","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0953-4180","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]]}}}