{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T09:28:16Z","timestamp":1770283696239,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686268800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Clinical Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Aim. RNA extraction is a commonly used technique in molecular biology. In recent years, commercially available RNA extraction kits have largely replaced conventional approaches. However, these commercial kits are expensive and are not readily available in many resource-constrained institutions and laboratories. This study therefore compared the performance of the conventional acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform (AGPC) extraction method to QIAamp\u00ae Viral RNA Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Cat. No. 52906) and OxGEn RNA Kit (OxGEn Molecular Solutions, GE-009) to build an in-house RNA extraction technique from blood and oral swab samples. Method. In a comparative experimental cross-sectional study, RNA was extracted from oral swabs and blood samples from 25 healthy individuals at the Department of Molecular Medicine, KNUST. RNA was extracted by the manual AGPC extraction method and commercial RNA extraction kits. The quantity (ng\/\u03bcl) and purities (260\/280\u2009nm) of the extracted RNA were measured spectrophotometrically using the IMPLEN NanoPhotometer\u00ae N60. The presence of RNA in the extracts was confirmed using 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. Statistical analyses were conducted using R language. Results. The yield of RNA extracted from blood and oral swab samples using modified AGPC was significantly higher compared to the commercial methods (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>p<\/a:mi>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). However, the purity of RNA extracted by the manual AGPC method from blood was significantly lower than the commercial methods (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>p<\/c:mi>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Moreover, the purity from oral swabs using the manual AGPC method was significantly lower compared to QIAamp (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>p<\/e:mi>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and the OxGEn kits method (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:mi>p<\/g:mi>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Conclusion. The modified manual AGPC method has a very high yield of RNA extracts using blood samples, which could serve as an alternate cost-effective method for RNA extraction in resource-limited laboratories; however, its purity may not be suitable for downstream processes. Moreover, the manual AGPC method may not be suitable for extracting RNA from oral swab samples. Future investigation is needed to improve the purity of the manual AGPC RNA extraction method and also confirmation of the obtained results by PCR amplification and RNA purity verification by sequencing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9593796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T15:50:52Z","timestamp":1686325852000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comparison of Modified Manual Acid-Phenol Chloroform Method and Commercial RNA Extraction Kits for Resource Limited Laboratories"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5168-4762","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Samuel Asamoah","family":"Sakyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7096-4652","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alfred","family":"Effah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Naturinda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2973-8952","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ebenezer","family":"Senu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1949-2338","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stephen","family":"Opoku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4086-3033","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Amoani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1831-2841","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Samuel Kekeli","family":"Agordzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0714-6684","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Oscar Simon Olympio","family":"Mensah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7314-5649","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"James","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6521-3140","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Abban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Garden City University College, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0425-4481","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tonnies Abeku","family":"Buckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kwarteng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard K. Dadzie","family":"Ephraim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwabena Owusu","family":"Danquah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2018.05.011"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/qco.0b013e32808255f1"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2006.02.008"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.02.22.961268","article-title":"A simple magnetic nanoparticles-based viral RNA extraction method for efficient detection of SARS-CoV-2","author":"Z. 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