{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T11:33:35Z","timestamp":1791804815245,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,8]],"date-time":"2023-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":188,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Image processing has enabled faster and more accurate image classification. It has been of great benefit to the health industry. Manually examining medical images like MRI and X\u2010rays can be very time\u2010consuming, more prone to human error, and way more costly. One such examination is the Pap smear exam, where the cervical cells are examined in laboratory settings to distinguish healthy cervical cells from abnormal cells, thus indicating early signs of cervical cancer. In this paper, we propose a convolutional neural network\u2010 (CNN\u2010) based cervical cell classification using the publicly available SIPaKMeD dataset having five cell categories: superficial\u2010intermediate, parabasal, koilocytotic, metaplastic, and dyskeratotic. CNN distinguishes between healthy cervical cells, cells with precancerous abnormalities, and benign cells. Pap smear images were segmented, and a deep CNN using four convolutional layers was applied to the augmented images of cervical cells obtained from Pap smear slides. A simple yet efficient CNN is proposed that yields an accuracy of 0.9113% and can be successfully used to classify cervical cells. A simple architecture that yields a reasonably good accuracy can increase the speed of diagnosis and decrease the response time, reducing the computation cost. Future researchers can build upon this model to improve the model\u2019s accuracy to get a faster and more accurate prediction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9676206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,8]],"date-time":"2023-07-08T19:50:08Z","timestamp":1688845808000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Privacy Preserved Cervical Cancer Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks Applied to Pap Smear Images"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6584-7400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shtwai","family":"Alsubai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2859-1629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6255-9529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohemmed","family":"Sha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8665-1669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Almadhor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8204-4896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sidra","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1960-179X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huma","family":"Mughal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8156-8962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Gregus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21147\/j.issn.1000-9604.2020.06.05"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","unstructured":"CDCgov Cervical cancer statistics 2022 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/cancer\/cervical\/statistics\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization WHO guideline for screening and treatment of cervical pre-cancer lesions for cervical cancer prevention 2021 WHO."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2018.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-021-00741-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2020.1747834"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-019-07937-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13673-020-00245-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2110785"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.873268"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-020-03159-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3153108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12051134"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-5559-3_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.390"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8950243"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.104659"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2020.101347"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5584004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2019.112951"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PlissitiM. 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