{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T01:56:54Z","timestamp":1792547814653,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693440000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1193596"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1193596"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Monash University Institute of Graduate Research","award":["1193596"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1193596"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Depression and Anxiety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating mental health condition that is largely resistant to conventional treatments, such as pharmacotherapy and behavioural interventions. Individualized noninvasive brain stimulation techniques such as transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) might be capable of successfully treating OCD through modulation of dysfunctional neural circuitry. A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, pilot clinical trial involving 25 OCD patients was conducted to investigate the efficacy of tACS in improving OCD severity. Treatments targeting the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were self-administered at home for 6 weeks with a 3-month follow-up. Within the active group, each treatment was delivered at an individualized peak alpha frequency for 30 minutes, while the sham group received 2 blocks of 2-minute treatments at 25\u2009Hz. The clinical severity of OCD and potential symptom improvements were quantified using serial measurements of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS), and a linear mixed model analysis was performed to estimate the time-condition effect. There was a significant time-condition interaction in the YBOCS from baseline to 6 weeks (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>p<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>&lt;<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.0001<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), indicating that active alpha-tACS was significantly superior to sham in improving OCD severity. A trend-level effect remained at the 3-month follow-up, suggestive of a sustained level of improvement. Additionally, depressive symptoms also showed a significant improvement from baseline to follow-up. Our findings suggest that a six-week, home-based treatment course of individualized alpha-tACS targeting the mPFC is capable of improving OCD symptoms. Further large-scale clinical trials are required to definitively establish tACS as a therapy for OCD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9958884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T02:20:07Z","timestamp":1693534807000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Home-Based Individualized Alpha Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Improves Symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Preliminary Evidence from a Randomized, Sham-Controlled Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6576-543X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M. Prabhavi N.","family":"Perera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Clinical School, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia"},{"name":"Monarch Research Institute Monarch Mental Health Group, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8483-1068","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Neil W.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Clinical School, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia"},{"name":"Monarch Research Institute Monarch Mental Health Group, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3184-9616","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Oscar W.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Clinical School, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia"},{"name":"Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8899-3323","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sudaraka","family":"Mallawaarachchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6118-2336","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Caley","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Clinical School, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1435-2993","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aron T.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Clinical School, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia"},{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4217-8096","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paul B.","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800360042006"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.94"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2016.08.005"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2015.03.002"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2012.02.010"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.06.712"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2021.03.010"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.08.016"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00317"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.12.041"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00170"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013766"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00161"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(00)01547-2"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00245"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnp.2016.12.003"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.11.001"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.05.026","article-title":"Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with increased electroencephalographic (EEG) delta and theta oscillatory power but reduced delta connectivity","volume":"163","author":"M. 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