{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T20:58:29Z","timestamp":1791665909735,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":212,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003993","name":"Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPJ008617. 20319390"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPJ008617. 20319390"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003993","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The outbreak of infectious diseases in swine, such as classical swine fever (CSF), has become a significant concern in the pig\u2010farming industry. In Japan, after the re\u2010emergence of CSF in 2018, farms are now exposed to the risk of transmission from infected wild boar and CSF\u2010contaminated farms. This study aimed to identify biosecurity measures that were effective for the prevention of CSF introduction into farms during the period from the beginning of the CSF epidemic to the implementation of a vaccination campaign for domestic pigs at risk. The probability of virus introduction was assumed to be increased by the elevated risk from CSF\u2010infected wild boar and infected farms around the farm. The risk from infected wild boar was represented by the prevalence of CSF in wild boar or the occupancy of 1\u2010km grid cells with infected wild boar within 10\u2010km radii from a pig farm and the occurrence of CSF outbreaks on neighboring farms. Conversely, the probability of virus introduction was assumed to decrease in response to on\u2010farm biosecurity measures being implemented on each farm. The implementation of biosecurity measures on the farms and farm attributes were obtained through a questionnaire survey. Analyses were performed on each farm under the weekly situations where infected wild boar were both absent and present in the vicinity using a binomial generalized linear model. On farms where infected wild boar were not present around farms, daily washing and disinfecting of work clothing in pig houses was identified as the main measure to reduce the risk of CSF introduction into farms. On farms with infected wild boar in the vicinity, the absence of public roads on the farm and preventing wildlife intrusion into the areas where pig carcasses were stored were demonstrated to be effective in preventing CSF introduction. Based on the assumption that strict and comprehensive biosecurity measures are required to prevent CSF introduction, the implementation of these potentially effective measures is worth being prioritized.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/1305664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T15:51:12Z","timestamp":1722441072000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Identifying Effective Biosecurity Measures for Preventing the Introduction of Classical Swine Fever in Pig Farms in Japan: Under the Condition of Absence\/Presence of Observable Infected Wild Boar"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5985-2059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makoto","family":"Ukita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7296-0129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryota","family":"Matsuyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3480-988X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norikazu","family":"Isoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9635-1459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Omori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8707-0639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takehisa","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0181-0246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kohei","family":"Makita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","unstructured":"World Organisation for Animal Health Resolutions adopted by the World Assembly of the OIE Delegates during their 83rd General Session 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14590"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","unstructured":"World Organisation for Animal Health Chapter 152 Infection with classical swine fever virus Terrestrial Animal Health Code2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(99)00079-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-020-00181-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10010084"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2004.9695177"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268801006483"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","unstructured":"StaubachC. TeuffertJ. andThulkeH. H. Risk analysis and local spread mechanisms of classical swine fever International Symposia on Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics Proceedings Volume ISVEE 8: Proceedings of the 8th Symposium July 1997 Paris France International Symposia on Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics 6\u201312."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.1987.9694138"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(03)00080-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","volume-title":"Interim Report on the Epidemiological Investigation for Classical Swine Fever Outbreaks in Japan","author":"Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","volume-title":"Summary Report of the 10th Epidemiological Investigation for Classical Swine Fever Outbreaks in Japan","author":"Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-021-02891-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01211"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(00)00254-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2018.00077"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","volume-title":"Revisions of Biosecurity Standards (Pig and Wild Boar)","author":"Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","volume-title":"Compliance with Biosecurity Standards in 2018","author":"Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","volume-title":"Press Release on the Summary Report of the 2nd Epidemiological Investigation for Classical Swine Fever Outbreaks in Japan","author":"Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fieishers","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.573480"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9020119"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2017.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","volume-title":"Classical Swine Fever in Wild Boar","author":"Scientific Committee on Animal Health and Animal Welfare","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"Analysis of jumping ability of wild boars and development and diffusion of folding fences","volume":"62","author":"Eguchi Y.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant Protection"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_2","article-title":"Prevent intrusion and contact with wild animals, being aware that cattle barns are the best environment for wild animals\u2014perimeter fences should have wire mesh with a mesh size <5\u2009cm","volume":"69","author":"Eguchi Y.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dairyman"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_2","first-page":"39","article-title":"CSF control\u2014behavioral characteristics of wild boar and control measures to prevent them from entering pig farms, as well as bait vaccine application","volume":"2020","author":"Eguchi Y.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Livestock Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_2","unstructured":"StekhovenD. J. missForest: nonparametric missing value imputation using random forest 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_2","volume-title":"Guidelines for Specific Infectious Disease of Domestic Animals Caused by Classical Swine Fever","author":"Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_2","volume-title":"National Spatial Data Information Download Website","author":"Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.772995"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1010510"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(00)00143-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_2","volume-title":"Technical Disease Card on Classical Swine Fever","author":"World Organisation for Animal Health","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2019.104873"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2021.105554"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_2","first-page":"137","article-title":"How does spreading maize on fields influence behavior of wild boars (Sus scrofa)?","volume":"50","author":"Kodera Y.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mammalian Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2004.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988720968274"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1974.1100705"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MurrayL. NguyenH. LeeY.-F. RemmengaM. D. andSmithD. W. Variance inflation factors in regression models with dummy variables 24th Annual Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture 2012 Manhattan Kansas USA Department of Statistics Kansas State University.","DOI":"10.4148\/2475-7772.1034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_2","volume-title":"R Foundation for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_2","volume-title":"Compliance with Biosecurity Standards in 2022","author":"Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v15061232"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.145.9.243"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2016.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci7030105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_2","volume-title":"Suggestions based on the 17th Epidemiological Investigation for Classical Swine Fever Outbreaks in Japan","author":"Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_2","volume-title":"Overview of Classical Swine Fever Biosecurity Measures and Responses","author":"Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2007.07.009"}],"container-title":["Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2024\/1305664","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T15:00:12Z","timestamp":1735916412000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2024\/1305664"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Fedor","family":"Korennoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2024\/1305664"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2024\/1305664","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-1674","1865-1682"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-1674","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-1682","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"1305664"}}