{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:37:33Z","timestamp":1790879853266,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":211,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015226","name":"Shengjing Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81700706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81700706"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy\u2010related diabetic condition that may cause serious complications. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. Placental damage due to GDM may lead to several health issues that cannot be ignored. Thus, we aimed to identify the mechanisms underlying GDM by screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to vascular endothelial cells in the GDM databases and verify the expression of these DEGs in the placentas of women afflicted by GDM.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> We used GDM microarray datasets integrated from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Functional annotation and protein\u2013protein interaction (PPI) analyses were used to screen DEGs. Placental tissues from 20 pregnant women with GDM and 20 healthy pregnant women were collected, and differential gene expression in the placental tissues was verified via qRT\u2010PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Bioinformatics analysis revealed three significant DEGs: <jats:italic>SNAIL2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>PAPP-A<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>TGF\u03b21<\/jats:italic>. These genes were all predicted to be underexpressed in patients with GDM. The results of qRT\u2010PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence analyses indicated that SNAIL2 and PAPP\u2010A in the placenta tissue of patients with GDM were significantly underexpressed. However, TGF<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>1 in the placenta tissues of GDM was significantly overexpressed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> SNAIL2, TGF<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>1, and PAPP\u2010A may affect the placentas of pregnant women with GDM, warranting further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/1386469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T12:05:19Z","timestamp":1722341119000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["TGF<i>\u03b2<\/i>1, SNAIL2, and PAPP\u2010A Expression in Placenta of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Patients"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0927-9728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yujing","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3875-6528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiyao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1156-3231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Na","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000433006.09219.f1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-1148"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0098-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-2-201307160-00661"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/cd17-0119"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20140898"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-018-1419-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0511"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12854"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M301977200"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2003.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-011-0244-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tra.12130"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00119"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S295737"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051511"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.068288"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvp410"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.02.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2015.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","first-page":"101","article-title":"Placental pathologic changes in gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"36","author":"Jarmuzek P.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinology Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1942"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2969"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1210"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-015-0579-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.2217"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.05.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.296.5573.1655"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.01076"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.764910"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e02-11-0743"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_2","first-page":"393","article-title":"The molecular mechanisms of SM22alpha in cytoskeleton remodeling of vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"24","author":"Wen J. 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