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Surgical resection is the only curative option for pancreatic carcinoma, but disease\u2010free and overall survival times after surgery are limited due to early tumor recurrence, most often originating from local microscopic tumor residues (R1 resection). The intraoperative identification of microscopic tumor residues within the resection margin <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> could improve surgical performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of fiber\u2010optic microscopy for detecting microscopic residues in vital pancreatic cancer tissues. <jats:italic>Experimental Design<\/jats:italic>. Fresh whole\u2010mount human pancreatic tissues, histological tissue slides, cell culture, and chorioallantoic membrane xenografts were analyzed. Specimens were stained with selected fluorophore\u2010conjugated antibodies and studied using conventional wide\u2010field and self\u2010designed multicolor fiber\u2010optic fluorescence microscopy instruments. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Whole\u2010mount vital human tissues and xenografts were stained and imaged using an <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> immunofluorescence protocol. Fiber\u2010optic microscopy enabled the detection of epitope\u2010based fluorescence in vital whole\u2010mount tissue using fluorophore\u2010conjugated antibodies and enabled visualization of microvascular, epithelial, and malignant tumor cells. Among the selected antigen\u2010antibody pairs, antibody clones WM59, AY13, and 9C4 were the most promising for fiber\u2010optic imaging in human tissue samples and for endothelial, tumor and epithelial cell detection. <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. Fresh dissected whole\u2010mount tissue can be stained using direct exposure to selected antibody clones. Several antibody clones were identified that provided excellent immunofluorescence imaging of labeled structures, such as endothelial, epithelial, or EGFR\u2010expressing cells. The combination of <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> immunofluorescence staining and fiber\u2010optic microscopy visualizes structures in vital tissues and could be proposed as an useful tool for the <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> identification of residual tumor mass in patients with a high operative risk for incomplete resection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/1397875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T15:14:06Z","timestamp":1717686846000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>In Situ<\/i> Immunofluorescence Imaging of Vital Human Pancreatic Tissue Using Fiber\u2010Optic 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