{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:39:56Z","timestamp":1790372396939,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":273,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5\/8-1(231)\/2008-ECD-II"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5\/8-1(231)\/2008-ECD-II"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pathogens"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The involvement of multiple antibiotic\u2010resistant gastrointestinal pathogens in diarrhea aggravates the disease condition uncontrollably. The current study aimed to find and develop a suitable formulation utilizing multiple natural components from known plant sources to augment the current therapeutic outcomes. The hydroethanolic extraction method was applied through boiling and fermentation on ancient observation\u2010based efficacious plant parts for developing the antidiarrheal polyherbal formulation AP\u201001. An animal study model of diarrhea was used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the formulation. The formulation was tested <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> on four different multiple antibiotic\u2010resistant gastrointestinal pathogens collected from the national repository. The formulation depicted no cytotoxicity on normal gut cells and was efficacious at 10\u2009ml\/kg single dose in relieving symptoms of diarrhea by 79.71%, compared with the standard drug showing a reduction of symptoms by 83.01%. AP\u201001 exhibited delayed gastric motility. The symptoms of diarrhea ceased to occur within 320.66\u2009\u00b1\u20095.05\u2009minutes with AP\u201001, whereas the standard drug took 308\u2009\u00b1\u20096.63\u2009minutes. AP\u201001 was found successful at a viable dosage regimen of 75\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>l\/ml v\/v to 100\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>l\/ml v\/v in inhibiting the growth of different pathogens from the Enterobacteriaceae family possessing resistance against several classes of antibiotics in culture media. Chemical analysis revealed different alkaloids, flavonoids, and polyphenols that probably work in unison through multiple modes of action to arrest diarrhea and inhibit pathogens simultaneously. These promising results shown by AP\u201001 should evoke an effort to dive deep into research and development for better therapeutic formulations for infectious diarrhea by harvesting nature\u2019s arsenal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/1997064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T13:04:53Z","timestamp":1727701493000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Fermented Polyherbal Formulation Restored Ricinoleic Acid\u2010Induced Diarrhea in Sprague Dawley Rats and Exhibited <i>In Vitro<\/i> Antibacterial Effect on Multiple Antibiotic\u2010Resistant Gastrointestinal Pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"given":"Subhanil","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babli","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhajit","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santi M.","family":"Mandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8734-6201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arghya","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8299-8358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ranadhir","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2017.743-747"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19852\/j.cnki.jtcm.2021.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","first-page":"6","article-title":"Ricinoleic acid (castor oil) alters intestinal surface structure. 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