{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T10:51:29Z","timestamp":1787655089284,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":262,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Rationale<\/jats:italic>. The progressive decline in lung function observed in asthma is attributed to persistent type 2 airway inflammation and associated airway remodeling. While various immune cells are involved in localized type 2 airway inflammation, whether these reflect the presence of airway obstruction due to persistent type 2 airway inflammation remains unclear. This study aimed to explore whether the proportions of immune cells in peripheral blood indicate the presence of type 2 inflammation and airway obstruction in asthmatics. <jats:italic>Materials and Methods<\/jats:italic>. Using flow cytometry, we identified and quantified Group 2 innate lymphocytes, T helper 2 cells, follicular helper T cells, and T helper 17 cells in peripheral blood samples from 49 individuals with asthma. We then conducted cross\u2010sectional analyses to assess relationships between levels of these immune cells and lung function parameters, including the percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1\u2009s (%FEV1). We also examined correlations between the proportions of immune cells and type 2 biomarkers. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Proportions of CXCR5<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> follicular helper T cells in human peripheral blood, as opposed to Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) or T helper 2 cells, were significantly higher in cases with %FEV1\u2009&lt;\u200980% compared to those with %FEV1\u2009\u2265\u200980%. Further, these proportions correlated negatively with %FEV1 and positively with blood eosinophil counts. <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. The proportion of circulating follicular helper T cells, but not T helper 2 cells or Group 2 innate lymphoid cells, may reflect the presence of airway obstruction caused by persistent type 2 inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/2020514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T16:06:42Z","timestamp":1726762002000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Elevated Proportions of Circulating CXCR5<sup>+<\/sup> Follicular Helper T Cells Reflect the Presence of Airway Obstruction in Asthma"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8594-2328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsukie 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