{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T06:00:24Z","timestamp":1790402424234,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708992000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Arsi University","award":["CoHS\/R\/0070\/2020\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CoHS\/R\/0070\/2020\/2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Preventive measures, like staying at home during lockdown, are mandatory during the COVID-19 pandemic. Particularly as a result of staying at home, violence against women is beginning to increase in correlation with these measures. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of violence against women of reproductive age during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Arsi Zone. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed from February 15 to March 30, 2021. A multistage sampling technique was used to recruit 1458 women aged 15-49 years old. Data entry was performed using Epi info-7 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. A logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with violence against women at <jats:inline-formula><a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><a:mi>p<\/a:mi><\/a:math><\/jats:inline-formula> value &lt;0.05 and AOR values with 95% CI. Results. The prevalence of violence against women during COVID-19 was 51.1% (95% CI 48.5-53.7%). Psychological violence (31.8%) and controlling behavior violence (29.3%) were the leading types of violence followed by economic (20.2%) and sexual violence (15.6%). Respondents who had monthly income of &lt;1000 birr (AOR = 1.72; 95% CI, 1.18, 2.51), 1001-2000 birr (AOR = 2.22; 95% CI, 1.51, 3.27), 2001-3000 birr (AOR = 1.91; 95% CI, 1.26, 2.91), and 3001-4000 birr (AOR = 2.03; 95% CI, 1.31, 3.14), quarreled with their partner\u2019s family (<jats:inline-formula><c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><c:mtext>AOR<\/c:mtext><c:mo>=<\/c:mo><c:mn>3.36<\/c:mn><\/c:math><\/jats:inline-formula>; 95% CI: 2.14\u20135.30), witnessed chilhood family violence (<jats:inline-formula><e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><e:mtext>AOR<\/e:mtext><e:mo>=<\/e:mo><e:mn>2.34<\/e:mn><\/e:math><\/jats:inline-formula>; 95% CI: 1.81\u20133.02), and decisions made on the household issue by husband only (<jats:inline-formula><g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><g:mtext>AOR<\/g:mtext><g:mo>=<\/g:mo><g:mn>2.62<\/g:mn><\/g:math><\/jats:inline-formula>; 95% CI: 2.01\u20133.41) or wife only (<jats:inline-formula><i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><i:mtext>AOR<\/i:mtext><i:mo>=<\/i:mo><i:mn>1.99<\/i:mn><\/i:math><\/jats:inline-formula>; 95% CI: 1.33\u20132.98) were significantly associated with violence against women. In addition, we found that participants whose partners cannot read and write (<jats:inline-formula><k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><k:mtext>AOR<\/k:mtext><k:mo>=<\/k:mo><k:mn>2.63<\/k:mn><\/k:math><\/jats:inline-formula>; 95% CI: 1.19\u2013 5.81), drink alcohol (<jats:inline-formula><m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><m:mtext>AOR<\/m:mtext><m:mo>=<\/m:mo><m:mn>2.78<\/m:mn><\/m:math><\/jats:inline-formula>; 95% CI: 2.10\u20133.76), chew chat (<jats:inline-formula><o:math xmlns:o=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><o:mtext>AOR<\/o:mtext><o:mo>=<\/o:mo><o:mn>3.27<\/o:mn><\/o:math><\/jats:inline-formula>; 95% CI: 2.21\u20134.85), ever fighting or aggressive with other men (<jats:inline-formula><q:math xmlns:q=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\"><q:mtext>AOR<\/q:mtext><q:mo>=<\/q:mo><q:mn>2.73<\/q:mn><\/q:math><\/jats:inline-formula>; 95% CI: 1.51\u20134.95), and partners\u2019 families taking part in the decision making (<jats:inline-formula><s:math xmlns:s=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\"><s:mtext>AOR<\/s:mtext><s:mo>=<\/s:mo><s:mn>2.32<\/s:mn><\/s:math><\/jats:inline-formula>; 95% CI: 1.49\u20133.62) were also associated with violence against women. Conclusions. One in every two women was the victim of any form of violence in the study area. Hence, empowering women\u2019s economic status and enhancing community-based health education for males on behavioral lifestyle modification were required to prevent violence against women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/2044708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T22:06:39Z","timestamp":1709071599000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Assessment of Violence during COVID-19 among Reproductive Age Women in Arsi Zone, South East Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4610-4724","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gebi","family":"Agero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelil Haji","family":"Bedane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, College of Health Science, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5082-484X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mesfin Tafa","family":"Segni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8168-3656","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abdene Weya","family":"Kaso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aman Nebi","family":"Ayato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4563-4798","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dida Batu","family":"Bedada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, College of Health Science, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akalu Ermias","family":"Mieso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, College of Health Science, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","volume-title":"Global status report on violence prevention","author":"Organization WH","year":"2014"},{"key":"2","volume-title":"Africa Human Development Report 2016 Accelerating Gender Equality and Women\u2019s Empowerment in Africa","author":"A. 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