{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T15:26:41Z","timestamp":1784302001789,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":291,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pulmonary Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background\/Objective:<\/jats:bold> Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of bronchiolitis in infants and young children. Bronchiolitis, an acute inflammation of the lower respiratory tract, can lead to pneumonia, respiratory failure, and death. We aimed to compare the incidence and severity of RSV infection in children aged 0\u201360 months before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) pandemic.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients aged 0\u201360 months who tested positive for RSV between May 1, 2018, and May 31, 2022, in a community hospital in Queens County, New York City, United States. Comparisons were made between seasons 2018\u20132019 and 2019\u20132020 as before, and seasons 2020\u20132021 and 2021\u20132022 as during the COVID\u201019 pandemic. Severity of RSV infection was assessed using the Bronchiolitis Severity Score (BSS). Data were analyzed using R software, a <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> value of &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The incidence of RSV infection in seasons 2018\u20132019 and 2019\u20132020 peaked from mid\u2010October to February, whereas the first season during the COVID\u201019 pandemic (2020\u20132021) was truncated with a very low incidence of RSV infection, and season 2021\u20132022 peaked from September to January, with the highest incidence (37%) and lower frequency of RSV infection at any given point. Patients during the season 2021\u20132022 were older (<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\u2009[2, 196.6] = 12.5, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001, 95% <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic> = [5.4, 25.6]) and had milder illness (<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\u2009[2, 187.5] = 7.5, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01, 95% <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic> = [2.1, 19.2]).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> We observed a lower incidence of RSV infection and a lower rate of hospitalization for RSV during the COVID\u201019 pandemic. The second RSV season during the COVID\u201019 pandemic began earlier, lasted longer, and had a lower frequency. Older children with milder illnesses were affected most during this season. RSV epidemiology and disease burden were impacted by the COVID\u201019 pandemic and could have significant ramifications for its prevention and control strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/2131098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T10:04:55Z","timestamp":1729245895000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Impact of COVID\u201019 Pandemic on Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Children"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"given":"Jose Boris","family":"Trigueros Montes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Montes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1384-657X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Miele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Won","family":"Baik-Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gagan","family":"Gulati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6926-2883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lily Q.","family":"Lew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.35.12.519"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6702a4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7214a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.36342"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102089"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","first-page":"34","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the respiratory score in the assessment of acute bronchiolitis","volume":"11","author":"Chin H. J.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","unstructured":"\u201cNew York City U.S. Epicenter Braces for Peak\u201d NPR March 24 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in New York City https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City%26oldid=1198106018."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11237088"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-019-01287-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix275"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.26370"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000004101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2023.100582"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.36863"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-058618"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-052089"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fmch-2023-002456"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2023.1088"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2021-322507"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2711.211565"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00525-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","unstructured":"MaldonadoS. New climate projections: NYC will keep getting hotter and wetter The City 2024https:\/\/www\/thecity.nyc\/author\/samantha-maldonado."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13562-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29116"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-023-00596-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac598"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001596"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2023-061803"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7234a4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.16106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-023-00777-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00630-8"}],"container-title":["Pulmonary Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2024\/2131098","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T10:05:09Z","timestamp":1729245909000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2024\/2131098"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Pini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2024\/2131098"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2024\/2131098","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-1836","2090-1844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-1836","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-1844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2131098"}}