{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T19:06:19Z","timestamp":1789239979299,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":218,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, the popularity of ready\u2010to\u2010eat salads has grown substantially. Despite their convenience, these products often face criticism for their microbiological safety. This research was conducted to assess the virulence and antibiotic resistance profiles of <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>), <jats:italic>Salmonella spp<\/jats:italic>., and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>) isolated from salads available in hypermarkets across Abidjan. The study utilized a combination of microbiological and molecular biology techniques. Results indicated that <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates harbored virulence genes such as <jats:italic>stx2<\/jats:italic> (50%) and <jats:italic>ST<\/jats:italic> (62.50%), though genes <jats:italic>stx1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>LT<\/jats:italic> were absent in the samples tested. In <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>, virulence genes detected included <jats:italic>sea<\/jats:italic> (55.55%), <jats:italic>sec<\/jats:italic> (11.110%), and <jats:italic>sed<\/jats:italic> (44.44%). The antibiotic resistance assessment revealed high resistance in <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> to <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010lactam antibiotics, with all isolates resistant to cefuroxime (100%) and the majority to ampicillin and cefoxitin (87.5%). Most <jats:italic>Salmonella spp.<\/jats:italic> isolates were sensitive to the antibiotics tested, except for cefoxitin and ampicillin, showing resistance rates of 42.85% and 57.15%, respectively. <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> demonstrated considerable resistance, particularly to cefoxitin (44.44%), benzylpenicillin (100%), and ampicillin (55.55%). In addition, resistance to aminoglycosides (55.55% to both kanamycin and gentamicin) and macrolides (66.66% to erythromycin and 55.55% to clindamycin) was noted. Resistance to various fluoroquinolones ranged between 33.33% and 55.55%. The presence of resistance genes such as <jats:italic>blaTEM<\/jats:italic> (10.52%), <jats:italic>qnrA<\/jats:italic> (2.26%), <jats:italic>qnrB<\/jats:italic> (5.26%), <jats:italic>qnrS<\/jats:italic> (5.26%), and <jats:italic>mecA<\/jats:italic> (13.15%) in <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> underscores the challenge of multidrug resistance, exhibiting phenotypes such as ESBL (50%), Meti\u2010R (55.55%), KTG (44.44%), MLSB (44.44%), and FQ\u2010R (25%). These results carry significant epidemiological and public health implications, highlighting the urgent need for improved safety regulations and practices regarding ready\u2010to\u2010eat salads in urban food markets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/3264533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T07:04:58Z","timestamp":1722927898000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessing the Public Health Implications of Virulent and Antibiotic\u2010Resistant Bacteria in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire\u2019s Ready\u2010to\u2010Eat Salads"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3339-7975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N\u2019goran Parfait","family":"N\u2019zi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6915-6247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Val\u00e9rie Carole","family":"Gbonon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7437-0862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kipr\u00e9 Bertin","family":"Gu\u00e9d\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidj\u00e8 Arlette","family":"Afran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3435-614X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dj\u00e9doux Maxime","family":"Angaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","unstructured":"DjiouaT. 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