{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T08:14:48Z","timestamp":1783152888830,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":197,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023174","name":"Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["063\/E5\/PG.02.00.PL\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["063\/E5\/PG.02.00.PL\/2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023174","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Scientific World Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Syzygium polyanthum<\/jats:italic> is known for its capacity to regulate blood glucose levels in individuals with diabetes, while <jats:italic>Muntingia calabura<\/jats:italic> leaves have a traditional history as an alternative therapy due to their antidiabetic compounds. The combination of these two plants is expected to yield more optimized antidiabetic agents. This study aims to assess the antidiabetic activity of the combined ethanolic extract of <jats:italic>S. polyanthum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>M. calabura<\/jats:italic> leaves by measuring the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> inhibition of the <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2010glucosidase enzyme and the blood glucose level in streptozotocin\u2010induced rats and to determine the phytochemical contents of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and quercetine as marker compounds. Acute oral toxicity test was also evaluated. Both plants were extracted by maceration using 96% ethanol. Various combinations of <jats:italic>S. polyanthum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>M. calabura<\/jats:italic> leaves extracts (1\u2009:\u20091, 2\u2009:\u20091, 3\u2009:\u20091, 1\u2009:\u20093, and 1\u2009:\u20092) were prepared. The <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> test, along with the total phenolic and total flavonoid content, were measured by using UV\u2010Vis spectrophotometry, while quercetine levels were quantified through high\u2010performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and acute toxicity tests were performed on rats as an animal model. The findings demonstrated that the 1\u2009:\u20091 combination of <jats:italic>S. polyanthum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>M. calabura<\/jats:italic> leaves ethanolic extract displayed the highest enzyme inhibitory activity with IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> value of 36.43\u2009<jats:italic>\u00b5<\/jats:italic>g\/mL. Moreover, the combination index (CI) was found &lt;1 that indicates the synergism effect. This combination also decreases the blood glucose level in rats after 28\u2009days of treatments without significant difference with positive control glibenclamide (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.005), and it had medium lethal doses (LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) higher than 2000\u2009mg\/kg BW. Phytochemical analysis showed that the levels of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and quercetine were 30.81% w\/w, 1.37% w\/w, and 3.25\u2009mg\/g, respectively. These findings suggest the potential of combined ethanolic extracts of <jats:italic>S. polyanthum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>M. calabura<\/jats:italic> leaves (1\u2009:\u20091) as raw materials for herbal antidiabetic medication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/3607396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T06:48:44Z","timestamp":1721198924000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Antidiabetic Activity, Phytochemical Analysis, and Acute Oral Toxicity Test of Combined Ethanolic Extract of <i>Syzygium polyanthum<\/i> and <i>Muntingia calabura<\/i> Leaves"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5822-941X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agustinus","family":"Widodo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5785-4566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evi","family":"Sulastri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0589-6745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ihwan","family":"Ihwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad Hadi","family":"Cahyadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3481-1819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saipul","family":"Maulana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3065-0480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Sulaiman","family":"Zubair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107843","article-title":"Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: results from the international diabetes federation diabetes atlas, 9th edition","volume":"157","author":"Saeedi P.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/picr.picr_140_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"Bioactive phytochemicals in Indian foods and their potential in health promotion and disease prevention","volume":"12","author":"Rao B. 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