{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T18:26:55Z","timestamp":1776796015775,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713398400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Biomedical Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose. The Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacterium is one of the leading causes of infection in humans. The lack of specific noninvasive techniques for diagnosis of staphylococcal infection together with the severity of its associated complications support the need for new specific and selective diagnostic tools. This work presents the successful synthesis of an immunotracer that targets the \u03b1-toxin released by S. aureus. Methods. [89Zr]Zr-DFO-ToxAb was synthesized based on radiolabeling an anti-\u03b1-toxin antibody with zirconium-89. The physicochemical characterization of the immunotracer was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), radio-thin layer chromatography (radio-TLC), and electrophoretic analysis. Its diagnostic ability was evaluated in vivo by positron emission tomography\/computed tomography (PET\/CT) imaging in an animal model of local infection-inflammation (active S. aureus vs. heat-killed S. aureus) and infective osteoarthritis. Results. Chemical characterization of the tracer established the high radiochemical yield and purity of the tracer while maintaining antibody integrity. In vivo PET\/CT image confirmed the ability of the tracer to detect active foci of S. aureus. Those results were supported by ex vivo biodistribution studies, autoradiography, and histology, which confirmed the ability of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-ToxAb to detect staphylococcal infectious foci, avoiding false-positives derived from inflammatory processes. Conclusions. We have developed an immuno-PET tracer capable of detecting S. aureus infections based on a radiolabeled antibody specific for the staphylococcal alpha toxins. The in vivo assessment of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-ToxAb confirmed its ability to selectively detect staphylococcal infectious foci, allowing us to discern between infectious and inflammatory processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/3655327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T18:06:08Z","timestamp":1713463568000},"page":"1-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["In Vivo Detection of Staphylococcus aureus Infections Using Radiolabeled Antibodies Specific for Bacterial Toxins"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda Isabel","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda Experimental, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Unidad de Imagen Avanzada, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9573-9411","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mario","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Arjona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda Experimental, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorena","family":"Cuss\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda Experimental, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Unidad de Imagen Avanzada, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"Morcillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Aplicaciones M\u00e9dicas de las Radiaciones Ionizantes, Centro de Investigaciones Energ\u00e9ticas, Medioambientales y Tecnol\u00f3gicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John Jairo","family":"Aguilera-Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica en Ciencias Farmac\u00e9uticas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFEC-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Esteban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFEC-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Kestler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Calle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Imagen Avanzada, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Cer\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Brain Function Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8802-4338","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marta","family":"Cortes-Canteli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Brain Function Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz (IIS-FJD), 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Bouza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0989-3231","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Manuel","family":"Desco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda Experimental, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Unidad de Imagen Avanzada, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Bioingenier\u00eda, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9388-5917","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Salinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda Experimental, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Unidad de Imagen Avanzada, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Bioingenier\u00eda, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/502522"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00134-14"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70295-4"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins8030072"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3161"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2013.11.004"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00357-16"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2020.02.005"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200105081"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins5061140"},{"issue":"12","key":"11","first-page":"2014","article-title":"18F-FDG PET in detecting metastatic infectious disease","volume":"46","author":"C. P. Bleeker-Rovers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-013-2376-0"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.D.02691"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.113.134981"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e31824d7ed2"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.118.221929"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa929"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-011-9984-1"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-005-0088-y"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.0c00374"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.154117"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.67301"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2017.1403004"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.9b00738"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18010057"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.118.224568"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-018-0014-y"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2010.13"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/52521"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041496"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.116.187310"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(00)00124-3"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2010.01.007"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.115.161265"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2011.06.008"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04540-22"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25102315"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.118.214726"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158634"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874471011104020131"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.0c00087"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10102573"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.111.092866"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3460"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0665592"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-019-04289-5"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.9b00743"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1009"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01020-16"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-018-4099-8"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30995-6"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00270"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Biomedical Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijbi\/2024\/3655327.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijbi\/2024\/3655327.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijbi\/2024\/3655327.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T18:06:11Z","timestamp":1713463571000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijbi\/2024\/3655327\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Richard H.","family":"Bayford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["3655327","3655327"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2024\/3655327","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-4196","1687-4188"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-4196","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1687-4188","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]]}}}