{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T20:13:36Z","timestamp":1780517616151,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728000000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":277,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":277,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH19C0093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH19C0093"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Depression and Anxiety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Dominant models of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) implicate threat\u2010related attention biases in both the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress symptoms. However, the ability to better understand and modify threat\u2010related attention biases in PTSD has been hampered by the low reliability of attention bias measures more generally.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> The current study adopts a new approach to calculate attention bias from a dot\u2010probe task, response\u2010based attention bias (RB\u2010AB) computation, in a sample of 689 individuals reporting significantly elevated PTSD symptoms who participated in a clinical trial of threat\u2010related attention bias modification training.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> RB\u2010AB is a reliable strategy for deriving threat\u2010related attention bias scores that correlate with both PTSD severity and anxiety. On the other hand, scores from the traditional approach were unreliable and not associated with clinical symptoms. Attention training led to reductions in RB\u2010AB indices of attention bias, but not the traditional index, although attention bias training conditions did not appear to moderate these effects.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Taken together, these findings support evidence that threat\u2010related attention biases may be a feature of PTSD and that RB\u2010AB computation is a more reliable and valid approach for studying reaction\u2010time\u2010based attentional processes. Using the RB\u2010AB approach to assess attention bias could allow us to better understand threat\u2010related attention biases in PTSD and to ultimately develop more precise interventions to reduce threat\u2010related attentional biases in PTSD and other disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/3683656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T14:26:15Z","timestamp":1728051975000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Measuring and Modifying Threat\u2010Related Attention Bias in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: An Attention Bias Modification Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"given":"Mikael","family":"Rubin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Niles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paige","family":"Tripp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas C.","family":"Neylan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Woolley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2353-7217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aoife","family":"O\u2019Donovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2008.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713002456"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2011.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22157"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2013.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.102115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2018.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20808"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22081"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329172200023X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.14121578"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718003367"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000406"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/per.554"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-017-0947-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.01368"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21899"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702614551572"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22443"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104812"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166600"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2018.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2020.103657","article-title":"Neural Mechanisms Underlying Heterogeneous Expression of Threat-Related Attention in Social Anxiety","volume":"132","author":"Evans T. 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