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Considering that the kidney\u2019s microstructure is closely related to its function and is often affected by pathologies, there is a need for powerful and high-resolution 3D imaging techniques to visualize the microstructure. Here, we present how cryogenic contrast-enhanced microCT (cryo-CECT) allowed 3D visualization of glomeruli, tubuli, and vasculature. By comparing different contrast-enhancing staining agents and freezing protocols, we found that the preferred sample preparation protocol was the combination of staining with 1:2 hafnium(IV)-substituted Wells-Dawson polyoxometalate and freezing by submersion in isopentane at \u221278\u00b0C. This optimized protocol showed to be highly sensitive, allowing to detect small pathology-induced microstructural changes in a mouse model of mild trauma-related acute kidney injury after thorax trauma and hemorrhagic shock. In summary, we demonstrated that cryo-CECT is an effective 3D histopathological tool that allows to enhance our understanding of kidney tissue microstructure and their related function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/3924036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T03:35:49Z","timestamp":1712720149000},"page":"1-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["X-Ray-Based 3D Histopathology of the Kidney Using Cryogenic Contrast-Enhanced MicroCT"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1488-5079","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arne","family":"Maes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium"},{"name":"Biomechanics Lab, Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"},{"name":"Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8145-8269","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Onno","family":"Borgel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Braconnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics Lab, Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5108-525X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tim","family":"Balcaen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics Lab, Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"},{"name":"Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"MolDesignS, Sustainable Chemistry for Metals and Molecules, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8797-5454","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martine","family":"Wevers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8060-2076","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Halbgebauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2359-6516","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Markus","family":"Huber-Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1750-8324","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Greet","family":"Kerckhofs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium"},{"name":"Biomechanics Lab, Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"},{"name":"Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Prometheus, Division for Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-2325-0_2"},{"key":"2","first-page":"169","article-title":"Kidney and adrenal gland","volume-title":"Sobotta Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol. 2","author":"F. 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