{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:24:42Z","timestamp":1792002282968,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Autoimmune Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Interleukins are a group of proteins that have a wide range of complex functions and are believed to be involved in several diseases and conditions. In particular, interleukin-40 (IL-40) is a recently identified cytokine associated with B cells that was first introduced by Catalan et al. in 2017. This cytokine has several roles in the body, including functioning in the formation of B cells in the bone marrow, IgA production, and expression in the intestinal microbiome. Moreover, IL-40 appears to be involved in numerous autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, type 2 diabetes, Graves\u2019 disease, and hepatic cell carcinoma. Our understanding of this molecule is quite restricted due to its novelty. However, because of its inflammatory characteristics, there is a high probability that it contributes to a variety of inflammatory disease complications. The aim of the present review is to highlight all available data on the importance of assessing IL-40 levels in human diseases up to now, which could be used as a diagnostic biomarker for the onset or progression of numerous inflammatory diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/3968767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T18:50:09Z","timestamp":1709319009000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["A Comprehensive Review on the Role of Interleukin-40 as a Biomarker for Diagnosing Inflammatory Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4916-1684","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Feryal","family":"Dabbagh-Gorjani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","article-title":"Cytokines and interferons: types and functions","volume":"13","author":"V. 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