{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T22:04:37Z","timestamp":1779401077338,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,18]],"date-time":"2024-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":138,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In developing countries, it is imperative to implement cost\u2010effective strategies for animal humoral response development in the production of antiserum. This study compared the effect of immunization regimens on the humoral immune response of New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200924) using cell culture rabies vaccine (CCRV) through intradermal (ID) and traditional intramuscular (IM) routes. The rabbits were divided into three experimental groups: (a) IPC\u2010R2 with a two\u2010site one\u2010week regimen; (b) TRC\u2010R3 with a two\u2010site twenty\u2010eight\u2010day regimen; and (c) Alternate\u2010R4 with a four\u2010site one\u2010week regimen. These regimens were then compared to the standard IM schedule of five doses of rabies vaccine administered at days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28 in control group R\u20101. The results were evaluated at days 14 and 35 postvaccination using rabies\u2010specific Platelia II\u2122 ELISA kit method. The results showed a better response to the ID regimen than the IM route regarding immunogenicity and volume consumption of the vaccine. The three selected ID regimes showed significantly higher mean titer values than the control IM regimen group R\u20101 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). The study aims to explore simple immunization strategies to enhance the RV\u2010specific antibody titers for immunization donor animals. This method would produce polyclonal antibodies and strengthen local production of polyclonal antibodies in Pakistan to deal with vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) shortage, thus providing effective postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) for better control of rabies in developing countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/4451881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,18]],"date-time":"2024-05-18T15:50:08Z","timestamp":1716047408000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparing Intradermal (ID) Rabies Vaccination with Conventional IM Regimen on Humoral Response of New Zealand White Rabbits for the Production of Animal\u2010Derived Polyclonal Antibodies"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7135-2076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amina","family":"Najam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0464-5477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rameesha","family":"Abid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6524-0780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hussain","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9664-0471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamza","family":"Hafeez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5084-8196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amna","family":"Arif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9773-6433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Safia","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8122-9170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Di Cerbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6277-5106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shakira","family":"Ghazanfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003709"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Expert consultation on rabies","volume":"931","author":"Who","year":"2005","journal-title":"World Health Organization Technical Report Series"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678\u20109946202062001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2019.1627205"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Rabies: a highly fatal but preventable disease","volume":"5","author":"Sulehri M. 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