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However, its 3D structure is hardly known. The present study is aimed at imaging the BBB using tissue clearing and 3D imaging techniques in both human brain tissue and rat brain tissue.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Both human and rat brain tissue were cleared using the CUBIC technique and imaged with either a confocal or two\u2010photon microscope. Image stacks were reconstructed using Imaris.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Double staining with various antibodies targeting endothelial cells, basal membrane, pericytes of blood vessels, microglial cells, and the spatial relationship between astrocytes and blood vessels showed that endothelial cells do not evenly express CD31 and Glut1 transporter in the human brain. Astrocytes covered only a small portion of the vessels as shown by the overlap between GFAP\u2010positive astrocytes and Collagen IV\/CD31\u2010positive endothelial cells as well as between GFAP\u2010positive astrocytes and CD146\u2010positive pericytes, leaving a big gap between their end feet. A similar structure was observed in the rat brain.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> The present study demonstrated the 3D structure of both the human and rat BBB, which is discrepant from the 2D one. Tissue clearing and 3D imaging are promising techniques to answer more questions about the real structure of biological specimens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/4482931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T13:48:24Z","timestamp":1724680104000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Blood\u2010Brain Barrier in Both Humans and Rats: A Perspective From 3D 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