{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T21:23:43Z","timestamp":1780089823346,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709769600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004320","name":"Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["97-01-106-18847"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["97-01-106-18847"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004320","name":"Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["99002571"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["99002571"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003968","name":"Iran National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["97-01-106-18847"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["97-01-106-18847"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003968","name":"Iran National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["99002571"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["99002571"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cutaneous leishmaniasis is of particular importance in southern Iran. This study aimed to investigate the infection of rodents with Leishmania major in an urban area of Fars Province, located in southern Iran. Rodents were trapped and samples from the liver, spleen, and skin were collected. Impression smears were prepared from these tissues and any skin lesions and were examined microscopically. In addition, a portion of the samples were preserved for subsequent DNA extraction. A total of 41 rodents belonging to three species were caught from 10 trapping stations in gardens or houses within the area. The caught rodent species were Rattus rattus (n\u2009=\u200925, 60.97%), Mus musculus (n\u2009=\u200915, 36.58%), and Meriones persicus (n\u2009=\u20091, 2.5%). Leishmania amastigotes were seen in the spleen tissue smear of 6 (2.43%) of the rodents, including 4 of R. rattus and 2 of M. musculus. Skin lesions were observed on the muzzles of two R. rattus and one M. musculus. Samples taken from these lesions tested positive for Leishmania infection. Leishmania DNA was detected in 18 (43.9%) rodents, including 11\u2009R. rattus, 6\u2009M. musculus, and one M. persicus, based on DNA sequencing of the ITS2 gene and PCR of the kDNA. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that the parasite infecting the rodents was L. major. The detection of Leishmania infection in these rodents in urban areas raises concerns about the urbanization of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. major. This urbanization poses unique challenges for control and prevention efforts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/4896873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T00:05:06Z","timestamp":1709856306000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Leishmania major Infection in Synanthropic Rodents: Evidence for the Urbanization of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL) in Southern Iran"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2768-1497","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Saeed","family":"Shahabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7051-2536","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kourosh","family":"Azizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"},{"name":"Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7945-2370","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qasem","family":"Asgari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2045-9057","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bahador","family":"Sarkari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"},{"name":"Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156802661903190328155136"},{"key":"2","first-page":"95","article-title":"Leishmaniasis: an update on a neglected tropical disease","volume-title":"Dynamic Models of Infectious Diseases: Volume 1: Vector-Borne Diseases","author":"A. Read","year":"2012"},{"key":"3","author":"Who","year":"2022"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s0036-46652014000100001"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cti.2014.4"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001475"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1052478"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104721"},{"key":"9","first-page":"156","article-title":"Epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"16","author":"A. Ul Bari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatologists"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2019.1704214"},{"issue":"10","key":"11","first-page":"1348","article-title":"Frequency of cutaneous leishmaniasis and species identification in suspected individuals from golestan province, northern Iran in 2014","volume":"45","author":"F. Hezari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18502\/jad.v12i2.42"},{"issue":"3","key":"13","first-page":"209","article-title":"Inter- and intraspecific variations of Leishmania strains isolated from patients with cutaneous and visceral leishmaniases in fars province, south of Iran","volume":"41","author":"B. Sarkari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.21910"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0408"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211374"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-15865-4"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-015-0740-7"},{"issue":"1","key":"19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: psychodidae) in Iran and their role on Leishmania transmission","volume":"6","author":"M. Yaghoobi-Ershadi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of arthropod-borne diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"20","article-title":"Gerbillid rodents fauna (Muridae: Gerbillinae) and detection of reservoir hosts (s) of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis using a nested-PCR technique in Jask City in Hormozgan Province in 2008","volume":"16","author":"K. Azizi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2011.0872"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26719\/2004.10.4-5.591"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/136485911x12987676649827"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1988.0099"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1201\/9781351076456-7","article-title":"Rodents and human disease: a global appreciation","volume-title":"Rodent Pest Management","author":"N. G. Gratz","year":"2018"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/000349803225002651"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2008.0214"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/5965340"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169684"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18502\/jad.v13i2.1246"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-014-0637-x"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.07.021"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2011.03.002"},{"issue":"5","key":"34","first-page":"491","article-title":"Review of CO\u2082 as a euthanasia agent for laboratory rats and mice","volume":"56","author":"G. P. Boivin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science: Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.66.5.1933-1938.2000"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/45.4.726"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-2178-7"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-9062.309518"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2017.03.010"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14107"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2006.01.010"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01177-11"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2004.05.001"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.05.006"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2020.105806"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01731581"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy096"},{"key":"48","first-page":"573","volume-title":"Numerical Taxonomy. The Principles and Practice of Numerical Classification","author":"P. H. Sneath","year":"1973"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5351098"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8167247"},{"issue":"3","key":"51","first-page":"348","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in Iran: review of the epidemiological and clinical features","volume":"8","author":"M. Mohebali","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-5949-9"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-013-0393-3"},{"issue":"4","key":"54","first-page":"94","article-title":"Epidemiological features of visceral leishmaniasis in fars province, southern Iran","volume":"41","author":"B. Sarkari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150406"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/136485910x12786389891083"},{"issue":"11","key":"57","first-page":"1520","article-title":"Epidemiology of human fascioliasis and intestinal helminthes in rural areas of boyer-ahmad township, southwest Iran; A population based study","volume":"44","author":"G. Hosseini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1984-29612017001"},{"issue":"44","key":"59","first-page":"365","article-title":"Urbanization: an increasing risk factor for leishmaniasis","volume":"77","author":"W. H. Organization","year":"2002","journal-title":"Weekly Epidemiological Record= Relev\u00e9 \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique hebdomadaire"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12980\/apjtb.4.2014apjtb-2014-0199"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/atmph.atmph_412_16"},{"issue":"4","key":"62","first-page":"734","article-title":"Leishmania Major in Tatera Indica in Estahban, Southern Iran: Microscopy, Culture, Isoenzyme and PCR","volume":"27","author":"D. Mehrabani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/136485908x252223"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0035-9203(96)90295-3"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/1364859411y.0000000036"},{"key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/136485911x12987676649827"},{"key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0268"},{"key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-88"},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13436"},{"key":"70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(75)90113-3"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cjidmm\/2024\/4896873.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cjidmm\/2024\/4896873.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cjidmm\/2024\/4896873.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T00:05:19Z","timestamp":1709856319000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/cjidmm\/2024\/4896873\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Di Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["4896873","4896873"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2024\/4896873","relation":{},"ISSN":["1918-1493","1712-9532"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1918-1493","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1712-9532","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]}}}