{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T13:38:01Z","timestamp":1774877881656,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":193,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is prevalent in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Parents of children or young people (CYP) with T1D experience shock, devastation, guilt, and societal blame, which impact both physical and psychosocial\u2013spiritual aspects of their lives. However, our knowledge of the breadth of these psychosocial\u2013spiritual experiences and how they are assessed is limited.<jats:italic>Aim<\/jats:italic>. (1) To examine the diabetes\u2010specific psychosocial experiences of parents of CYP with T1D in the MENA region; (2) to assess the person\u2010reported outcome measures (PROMs) that measure the psychosocial\u2013spiritual outcomes in this population; and (3) to assess their reliability and validity.<jats:italic>Materials and Methods<\/jats:italic>. A systematic review methodology was implemented using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta\u2010analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Global Health databases were searched for relevant articles. A narrative synthesis approach was used for data analysis.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Twenty\u2010three studies were included. We identified four categories: (1) spiritual functioning, parents\u2019 ability to accept and cope with their CYP\u2019s condition, (2) psychological functioning, parents\u2019 emotional distress due to insufficient diabetes\u2010related knowledge and skills, (3) social functioning, describing financial challenges, social support experiences, and cultural concerns faced by parents, and (4) physical functioning, parents\u2019 struggle with sleep deprivation. Our results revealed methodological and conceptual limitations of the current tools measuring these experiences. Some of the limitations of this review are (1) heterogeneity in the tools captured perhaps some but not all domains of the parents\u2019 psychosocial experiences, (2) only English studies were included, as no Arabic studies were found.<jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. Our studied population experiences psychosocial\u2013spiritual distress by managing the condition of their CYP and needs culturally specific psychosocial\u2013spiritual support. Further studies are needed to develop a new measure to specifically assess the psychosocial\u2013spiritual outcomes of this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/6111661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T11:04:50Z","timestamp":1720782290000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Psychosocial\u2013Spiritual Experiences and Outcomes in Parents of Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus from the Middle East and North Africa Region: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9849-7147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariam","family":"Asaad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6013-6514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haya","family":"Abu Ghazaleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1702-2631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Tzouvara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9849-3621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1281-1401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jackie","family":"Sturt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_1_2","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation Diabetes atlas Atlas(10th Edition).https:\/\/www.diabetesatlas.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_2","unstructured":"IDF IDF Diabetes Atlas 2019 9th edition International Diabetes Federation."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17482631.2022.2107151"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2016.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12539"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2009.04963.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12660"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.12244","article-title":"Parents\u2019 information and support needs when their child is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes: a qualitative study","volume":"19","author":"Rankin D.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Expectations: An International Journal of Public Participation in Health Care & Health Policy"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1074840713484386"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14157"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-015-0660-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tp"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_2","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute Spirituality in cancer care\u2014patient version 2024 National Cancer Institute Bethesda MD."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_2","unstructured":"MoorleyC. 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