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To export fruits to CBS\u2010free countries, they must undergo a sanitation process to ensure disease control. In this study, neem essential oil (NEO) was tested against <jats:italic>P. citricarpa<\/jats:italic> for the first time as an alternative sanitizer. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> experiments were conducted to determine the inhibition concentration of NEO for <jats:italic>P. citricarpa<\/jats:italic>, and the mode of action of the essential oil was evaluated. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> assays were performed to simulate the sanitization process used in packinghouses. NEO was characterized by GC\u2010MS\/MS. The results revealed that NEO at 100\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>L\u00b7mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> exhibited a similar inhibitory effect as copper oxychloride, suppressing 89.68\u2009\u00b1\u20091.14% of fungal mycelium growth. Fluorescence microscopy experiments demonstrated that NEO functions by disrupting the cytoplasmic membrane of fungal hyphae, leading to their death within 30\u2009minutes of contact with NEO. GC\u2010MS\/MS characterization revealed a high presence of phenolic compounds, which serve as the primary antifungal agents responsible for the action against fungal hyphae. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> assays showed that NEO at 100\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>L\u00b7mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> also reduced microorganisms (CFU mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) by 93.00\u2009\u00b1\u20093.88% compared to the negative control. Overall, the results demonstrate that NEO can effectively serve as an alternative sanitizer against <jats:italic>P. citricarpa<\/jats:italic> in citrus packinghouses. Our findings allow future studies to explore the use of NEO for sanitizing other fruits and combating different phytopathogens to broaden its potential application in fruit sanitation for export.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/6251407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T11:34:13Z","timestamp":1721388853000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Neem Essential Oil as an Antifungal Agent against <i>Phyllosticta citricarpa<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"given":"Joyce Maria","family":"Schuch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0008-7372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina Rosai","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9366-1611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilherme Lopes","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6797-5068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Andr\u00e9 da Veiga Lima Rosa Costamilan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4886-5292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo Renato","family":"Matos Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3801-9631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato Nallin","family":"Montagnolli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2625-7392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilherme","family":"Dilarri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7040-1983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ederio Dino","family":"Bidoia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","article-title":"Syzygium aromaticum (clove) essential oil: an alternative for the sanitization of citrus fruit in packinghouses","author":"Battagin T. 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