{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T20:01:55Z","timestamp":1772740915850,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]],"date-time":"2024-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708732800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Purpose. Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a chronic or acute form of musculoskeletal pain that affects nearly three-quarters of the world\u2019s population. It is characterized by muscle pain and stiffness, with palpable nodules and hyperirritability areas called myofascial trigger points (MTPs). The temporal muscle is frequently involved in MPS, and four MTPs in the temporal muscle have been described in the literature, but no anatomical description of the MTPs has been reported. The present study described the entry points of deep temporal nerves in the temporal muscle belly and related these points to the MTPs described in the literature. Method. Temporal muscles of 14 adult cadavers were studied. The muscle bellies were divided into six areas, three superior (1.2 and 3) and three inferior areas (4, 5, and 6) lower, according to a Cartesian plane to analyze and describe the entry points of the branches of the deep temporal nerves into the muscle. The branching distribution was analyzed using Poisson log-linear tests with Bonferroni post hoc tests for comparison between groups (sextants) (<jats:inline-formula><a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><a:mi>p<\/a:mi><a:mo>&lt;<\/a:mo><a:mn>0.05<\/a:mn><\/a:math><\/jats:inline-formula>). Results. Deep temporal nerve entry points were found in the temporal muscle in all areas. Most of the branches were observed in areas 2 and 5, which coincide with the muscle fibers responsible for mandible elevation and related to the previously described MTPs. Fewer branches were found in areas 1 and 6, where contraction produces mandible retraction. Conclusion. There is an anatomical correlation between the branching pattern of the deep temporal nerve and temporal muscle trigger points. Adequate knowledge of the innervation of the temporal muscle may help elucidate the pathophysiology of myofascial syndromes and provide a rational basis for interventional or conservative approaches and help surgeons avoid iatrogenic lesions to the deep temporal nerve lesion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/6641346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]],"date-time":"2024-02-24T19:50:09Z","timestamp":1708804209000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Anatomical Bases of the Temporal Muscle Trigger Points"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0502-7897","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luis Carlos Fernandez","family":"Garrido","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Medical Research\u2014Division of Human Structural Topography, Faculty of Medicine of the University of S\u00e3o Paulo (FMUSP), S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1921-0086","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Giulianna","family":"Simonetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Medical Research\u2014Division of Human Structural Topography, Faculty of Medicine of the University of S\u00e3o Paulo (FMUSP), S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3934-3110","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Samir Omar","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Research, FMUSP, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0080-022X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fl\u00e1vio","family":"Hojaij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Research, FMUSP, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9907-3768","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mauro","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Medical Research\u2014Division of Human Structural Topography, Faculty of Medicine of the University of S\u00e3o Paulo (FMUSP), S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9546-3873","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alfredo Luiz","family":"Jacomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Medical Research\u2014Division of Human Structural Topography, Faculty of Medicine of the University of S\u00e3o Paulo (FMUSP), S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1088-0075","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Flavia Emi","family":"Akamatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Medical Research\u2014Division of Human Structural Topography, Faculty of Medicine of the University of S\u00e3o Paulo (FMUSP), S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14070441"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(87)91045-1"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1990.0059"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1975.0147"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1979.50.2.59"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1673674"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2003.09.018"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15360288.2014.997853"},{"key":"9","volume-title":"Myofascial pain and dysfunction: the trigger point manual. 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