{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T05:42:05Z","timestamp":1777182125267,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":165,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Complexity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We consider a deterministic optimal control approach with cost\u2010effectiveness analysis for the diphtheria outbreak in the Rohingya refugee camp in Bangladesh. A deterministic epidemic dynamical model for diphtheria outbreaks has been developed with three optimal controls: vaccination, latent, and infectious treatment. Here, the qualitative study of the model has been interpreted. An objective function has been regarded as a cost function introduced by the optimal controls and the diseases themselves. Then, the existence and uniqueness of the optimal system have also been shown with the help of Pontryagin\u2019s minimum principle. A numerical investigation has been carried out to solve the state and adjoint systems of optimality conditions. Furthermore, it has been investigated using several levels of availability of the optimal controls (vaccination, latent, and infectious treatment) to identify which level gives the best outcomes. Moreover, the cost\u2010effective analysis has been inquired with the numerical value of the cost function and the total cured population in each control strategy to clarify the strategy with the least cost but maximum remediation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/6654346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T09:04:02Z","timestamp":1718355842000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Cost\u2010Effective Epidemiological Exposition of Diphtheria Outbreak by the Optimal Control Model: A Case Study of Rohingya Refugee Camp in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6413-9445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahurul","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0249-5417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K. M. Ariful","family":"Kabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7962-7049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. M.","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1008-3563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Atikur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","unstructured":"vacunasaep Comit\u00e9 asesor de vacunas de la Comunidad de Madrid 2023 http:\/\/vacunasaep.org\/profesionales\/calendario-vacunas\/madrid."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TorreaM. TorreaJ. L. andOrtegaD. A modeling of a Diphtheria epidemic in the refugees camps bioRxiv 2017 208835 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/208835.","DOI":"10.1101\/208835"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00218"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization Diphtheria\u2013Yemen disease outbreak news 22 december 2017 2017 https:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/don\/22-december-2017-diphtheria-yemen\/en."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization Diphtheria\u2013Cox\u2019s bazar in Bangladesh disease outbreak news 2017 https:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/don\/13-december-2017-diphtheria-bangladesh\/en."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/tay122"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","first-page":"84","article-title":"Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiol\u00f3gica","volume":"2012","author":"gesdoc","year":"2012","journal-title":"Protocolo de vigilancia y alerta de difteria"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","unstructured":"Unicef Bangladesh moves to protect Rohingya children from diphtheria 2017 https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/press-releases\/bangladesh-moves-protect-rohingya-children-diphtheria."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2018.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2021.111636"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2019.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0404.980404"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.12.24"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/434\/1\/012006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.4583"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1140\/epjp\/s13360-022-02365-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2019.123237"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rinp.2020.103599"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amc.2019.124955"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idm.2019.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11538-014-0028-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2017.12.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6545179"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_2","volume-title":"Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases","author":"Anna M. 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