{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T08:39:27Z","timestamp":1771663167381,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712188800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"SANLiC Gold"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Parasitology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Malaria presents a huge threat to pregnant women, their foetus, and children below five years. This study is aimed at assessing malaria prevalence, associated clinical symptoms, and urine abnormalities among pregnant women in Aba metropolis, Abia State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study involving 450 pregnant women purposively selected from nine health care centres was conducted. Data were analysed using SPSS version 26. The overall malaria prevalence rate was 68.4% (<jats:inline-formula><a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><a:mi>n<\/a:mi><a:mo>=<\/a:mo><a:mn>308<\/a:mn><\/a:math><\/jats:inline-formula>). Age group of 21-25 years had the highest prevalence rate of 20.4% (<jats:inline-formula><c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><c:mi>n<\/c:mi><c:mo>=<\/c:mo><c:mn>92<\/c:mn><\/c:math><\/jats:inline-formula>) while the least was recorded among the age group of 41-45 years (17 (3.8%)). Pregnant women in their first trimester had the greatest prevalence rate of 28.6% (<jats:inline-formula><e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><e:mi>n<\/e:mi><e:mo>=<\/e:mo><e:mn>129<\/e:mn><\/e:math><\/jats:inline-formula>), and the least prevalence was recorded among those in their third trimester (7 (15.6%)). The primigravidae were mostly infected at the rate of 27.7% (<jats:inline-formula><g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><g:mi>n<\/g:mi><g:mo>=<\/g:mo><g:mn>125<\/g:mn><\/g:math><\/jats:inline-formula>) whereas the multigravidae recorded the least prevalence of 85 (18.9%). Participants with secondary education were the most susceptible at the rate of 38.6% (<jats:inline-formula><i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><i:mi>n<\/i:mi><i:mo>=<\/i:mo><i:mn>174<\/i:mn><\/i:math><\/jats:inline-formula>). The infected participants exhibited significantly higher frequencies of reported fever (<jats:inline-formula><k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><k:mi>p<\/k:mi><k:mo>&gt;<\/k:mo><k:mn>0.001<\/k:mn><\/k:math><\/jats:inline-formula>, OR 12.881, 95% CI 3.977-41.725) and headaches (<jats:inline-formula><m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><m:mi>p<\/m:mi><m:mo>&lt;<\/m:mo><m:mn>0.001<\/m:mn><\/m:math><\/jats:inline-formula>, OR 4.688, 95% CI 1.819-12.083). However, cold, cough, body pains, poor appetite, and catarrh showed no significant association with malaria infection at <jats:inline-formula><o:math xmlns:o=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><o:mi>p<\/o:mi><o:mo>&gt;<\/o:mo><o:mn>0.05<\/o:mn><\/o:math><\/jats:inline-formula>. Participants using long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) showed significantly lower prevalence rate of malaria infection (<jats:inline-formula><q:math xmlns:q=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\"><q:mi>p<\/q:mi><q:mo>&lt;<\/q:mo><q:mn>0.001<\/q:mn><\/q:math><\/jats:inline-formula>, OR 2.485, 95% CI 1.619-3.814). Malaria-infected participants showed statistically significant frequencies of proteinuria (<jats:inline-formula><s:math xmlns:s=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\"><s:mi>p<\/s:mi><s:mo>&lt;<\/s:mo><s:mn>0.001<\/s:mn><\/s:math><\/jats:inline-formula>, OR 274.14, 95% CI 16.91-4444.0), bilirubinuria (<jats:inline-formula><u:math xmlns:u=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M11\"><u:mi>p<\/u:mi><u:mo>&lt;<\/u:mo><u:mn>0.001<\/u:mn><\/u:math><\/jats:inline-formula>, OR 49.29, 95% CI 11.01-186.34), and urobilinogenuria (<jats:inline-formula><w:math xmlns:w=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M12\"><w:mi>p<\/w:mi><w:mo>&lt;<\/w:mo><w:mn>0.001<\/w:mn><\/w:math><\/jats:inline-formula>, OR 65.16, 95% CI 4.00-1062.40) than those not infected. Ascorbic acid, nitrate, and ketone showed no significant associations with malaria infection at <jats:inline-formula><y:math xmlns:y=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M13\"><y:mi>p<\/y:mi><y:mo>&gt;<\/y:mo><y:mn>0.005<\/y:mn><\/y:math><\/jats:inline-formula>. Infected participants had statistically significant amber and clear urine colour whereas there was no statistically significant difference between the pH levels of urine of the malaria-infected and malaria-noninfected pregnant women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/6681943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T01:54:27Z","timestamp":1712282067000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Plasmodium Parasitaemia and Urine Alterations among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Aba Metropolis, Abia State, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3612-8578","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paula","family":"Melariri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, School of Behavioural and Lifestyle Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha 6019, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5808-4567","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chioma","family":"Ihemanma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Department of Biology\/Microbiology, Abia State Polytechnic, Aba, Abia State, Nigeria"},{"name":"Unit of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7073-9189","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Udoka","family":"Chigbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8671-9117","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kirstie","family":"Eastwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Statistical Consultation, Research Development, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha 6019, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5006-8175","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chika","family":"Uche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0140-0175","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paschal","family":"Etusim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","volume-title":"World Malaria Report, 2023","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"2023"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.30875\/7e6f8c91-en","volume-title":"World Malaria Report 2019","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019"},{"key":"3","volume-title":"World Malaria Report, 2022","author":"WHO","year":"2022"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03950-5"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/njpar.V44i2.4"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/rejhs.v10i4.5"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7868535"},{"key":"8","author":"Abia State Government","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Challenges and prospects of urban residential housing in aba metropolis, Abia State Nigeria","volume":"3","author":"C. 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Ugwuja","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases"}],"container-title":["Journal of Parasitology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jpr\/2024\/6681943.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jpr\/2024\/6681943.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jpr\/2024\/6681943.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T01:54:47Z","timestamp":1712282087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jpr\/2024\/6681943\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 F.","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["6681943","6681943"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2024\/6681943","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-0031","2090-0023"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-0031","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2090-0023","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]]}}}