{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T09:00:47Z","timestamp":1764061247128,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":177,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E-26\/201.682\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/201.682\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88887.483483\/2020-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.483483\/2020-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Parasitology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> is a zoonotic parasite with global distribution capable of infecting homeothermic animals. Transmission of protozoan to humans includes ingestion of water and raw food contaminated with sporulated oocysts, ingestion of raw or undercooked meat with tissue cysts, and tachyzoites\u2019 transplacental transmission. Fresh goat milk intake has already been linked to human toxoplasmosis outbreaks, but little is known about the infectious potential of this biological sample. Accordingly, the aim of the present study is to assess the survival and infectivity of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> tachyzoites in fresh goat milk samples through an experimental protocol to detect this parasite via bioassay carried out with a murine model, DNA amplification, and serology. Swiss Webster mice were inoculated with fresh goat milk samples contaminated with different <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> RH strain tachyzoite concentrations per milliliter and stored for different refrigeration times. Animals showing clinical signs compatible to toxoplasmosis were euthanized. Milk samples contaminated with high parasitic loads and kept for a shorter refrigeration time were the most lethal ones. No significant differences were observed between mean death rates recorded for different goat milk contamination concentrations (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.1888), and for the refrigeration time, contaminated milk samples were kept under (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.9440). <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> DNA was amplified in all contaminated milk samples, but only one of the surviving mice was serologically positive. Results of the present study have shown <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> survival and infectivity in fresh goat milk samples, and it highlights its significant risk for public health. Therefore, molecular methods must be the tests of choice when milk samples are used to assess infection caused by protozoan in goats\u2019 dairy products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/6895089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T09:53:12Z","timestamp":1719395592000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Experimental Protocol to <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i> Detection in Fresh Goat Milk"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0481-4373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor Falco","family":"Arruda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4661-672X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia Riddell","family":"Millar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8198-7964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio Felipe Alvarez","family":"Balaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2207-218X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thamires Francisco","family":"Bonif\u00e1cio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5848-7435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raissa Cristina Ferreira","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0867-1445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Regina Reis","family":"Amendoeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2019.e00049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2022.106432"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.PFS-0011-2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14214"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2512.181565"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2020.06.014"},{"volume-title":"Toxoplasmosis of animals and humans","year":"2010","author":"Dubey J. 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