{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:53:20Z","timestamp":1770749600187,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":102,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006407","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["232300421170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["232300421170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017698","name":"Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024JQ01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JQ01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017698","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012453","name":"China Agricultural Research System","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CARS-35"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-35"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Classical swine fever (CSF), caused by CSF virus (CSFV), is a highly contagious disease affecting pigs and causing massive pig production losses with severe global economic recession. The immunization of live\u2010attenuated vaccines is still one of the key measures to CSFV management in endemic countries. However, there are also strong controversies about the usage of live\u2010attenuated vaccines, particularly in pregnant sows and young pigs, such as in Europe, where domestic pigs are routinely not vaccinated until severe outbreaks occur. Here, we report a CSF outbreak in a pig farm in China, which affected more than 90% of the delivery sows and led to \u223c45% birth loss. Surprisingly, phylogenetic analysis showed that the CSFV isolate (named CSFV\/HeNLY2022, GenBank No. OR195698) was clustered into subgenotype 1.1a, closely together with the live\u2010attenuated vaccine strains. Further genomic analysis also revealed that the isolate CSFV\/HeNLY2022 shared the highest nucleotide identity of 99.7% with the C\/HVRI vaccine strain (C\u2010strain, GenBank No. AY805221). Moreover, compared to the C\/HVRI strain, a total of eight amino acid mutations, distributed in E<jats:sup>rns<\/jats:sup> (H436<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>Y and S476<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>R), E1 (T502<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>I and P581<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>T), E2 (M979<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>K and A1061<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>S), NS5A (A2980<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>T), and NS5B (I3818<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>M), were characterized in the CSFV\/HeNLY2022 isolate. Our results suggested that the CSF outbreak was most likely caused by the live\u2010attenuated CSFV vaccine or its derivative. It raises concern that the unscientific application of CSFV vaccines could potentially lead to CSFV spread in pigs. It is needed to perform a more rigorous evaluation of the safety of the C\u2010strain\u2010derived vaccines in combination with other different live\u2010attenuated vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/7244445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T23:05:07Z","timestamp":1712963107000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Potential Pathogenicity and Genetic Characteristics of a Live\u2010Attenuated Classical Swine Fever Virus Vaccine Derivative Variant"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3165-0850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangxu","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5813-9505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qianyue","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingxia","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3834-9975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaiping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00187"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198151"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-023-05835-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1021734"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12676"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2506.181578"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2009.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-1952-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcp.2014.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2012.03.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.1.152-160.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9100821"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-020-00188-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1169766"}],"container-title":["Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/tbed\/2024\/7244445.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/tbed\/2024\/7244445.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2024\/7244445","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T15:00:41Z","timestamp":1735916441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2024\/7244445"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Nan-Hua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2024\/7244445"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2024\/7244445","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-1674","1865-1682"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-1674","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-1682","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"7244445"}}