{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T02:19:33Z","timestamp":1773973173329,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":59,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Inga N. Zaitseva","award":["FWNR-2022-0016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FWNR-2022-0016"]}]},{"name":"Russian Ministry of Science and High Education via the Institute of Cytology and Genetics","award":["FWNR-2022-0016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FWNR-2022-0016"]}]},{"name":"\u201cACTIVATOR MAF\u201d LLC","award":["FWNR-2022-0016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FWNR-2022-0016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Macrophages are the immune cells of high\u2010immunological plasticity, which can exert both pro\u2010 and anti\u2010inflammatory activity, as well as repolarize their phenotype to the opposite or neutral one. In this regard, M2 macrophages of the tumor\u2010associated stroma (TAS) are a promising therapeutic target in treating malignant neoplasms. Using FACS assay, we have estimated the CD11b+\/Ly\u20106G+\/Ly\u20106C+ fraction of macrophages from the peritoneum and TAS in intact healthy mice and those with developed Lewis carcinoma, both untreated and treated according to Karanahan technology in combination with group\u2010specific macrophage activator (GcMAF\u2010RF). As well, the pattern of pro\u2010 and anti\u2010inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression in different groups of experimental and tumor\u2010bearing animals was assessed. It was found that: (i) exposure of intact mice to GcMAF\u2010RF results in the increased number of CD11b+\/Ly\u20106C+ peritoneal macrophages and, at the same time, the expression pattern of cytokines in peritoneal macrophages switches from that characteristic of the mixed M1\/M2 phenotype to that characteristic of the neutral M0 one; (ii) combination of Karanahan technology and GcMAF\u2010RF treatment results in M0\/M1 repolarization of TAS macrophages; (iii) in tumor\u2010bearing mice, the response of peritoneal macrophages to such a treatment is associated with the induction of anti\u2010inflammatory reaction, which is opposite to that in TAS macrophages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/7484490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T18:15:18Z","timestamp":1709230518000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Macrophage Activator GcMAF\u2010RF 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