{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T11:56:10Z","timestamp":1788263770744,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. In India, <jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic> nematode worm remains highly neglected due to the paucity of research. Recent trichinellosis outbreaks in humans associated with pork meal in north India have highlighted an emerging food safety concern due to this neglected parasite. <jats:italic>Aim<\/jats:italic>. This study aimed to ascertain the existence of <jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic> species and to identify them in slaughtered pigs intended for human consumption in the Punjab and Uttaranchal regions of North India. <jats:italic>Materials and Methods<\/jats:italic>. A total of 1,194 slaughter pig tongue samples were screened in 239 pools using the double separatory funnel method for recovery of <jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic> larvae. The species of recovered larvae were confirmed by multiplex PCR assay and sequencing. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to ascertain the closest lineage. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. This study reported 3.77% and 1.26% <jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic> positivity in pooled and individual pig samples, respectively. Pigs slaughtered in Punjab reported higher positivity (1.73%) than pigs in Uttaranchal (0.81%). Among all places, Jalandhar recorded highest positivity of 5.66%, followed by 2.22% in Nainital and 0.8% in Patiala, whereas none of the pig samples from Chandigarh, Ludhiana, Bathinda, Tehri Garhwal, Pauri Garhwal, Kashipur, Haridwar was positive. Molecular confirmation by PCR and sequencing confirmed the recovered <jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic> larvae as <jats:italic>T. britovi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. nelsoni. Conclusion. Trichinella<\/jats:italic> parasite remained highly neglected in India; however, the detection of sylvatic <jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic> species in pigs intended for human consumption indicated the emergence of zoonotic foodborne risk at wild animal\u2010domestic pig and human interfaces. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting <jats:italic>T. britovi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>nelsoni<\/jats:italic> in pigs of North India. <jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic> positivity in slaughtered pigs is an early alarm for the emergence of foodborne risk from this neglected parasitic worm. Considering the importance of pigs as a source of meat and their role as a reservoir for <jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic> raised the food safety concern that warrants strict meat inspection and extensive studies on neglected parasites in India.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/7550006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T23:50:15Z","timestamp":1706053815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<i>Trichinella<\/i> spp. in Slaughtered Pigs of India: From Neglected Disease to an Emerging Food Safety Threat for Public Health"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8568-0540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deepali Gopal","family":"Kalambhe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harpreet","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jatinder Paul Singh","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jvetres-2016-0021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1512.090619"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(06)63005-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470377000.ch15"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","first-page":"372","article-title":"Rediscovery of Trichinella spiralis (Owen, 1835) in domestic pigs in India","volume":"48","author":"Niphadkar S. M.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Current Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","unstructured":"PetheR. S. Observations of haematology immune response and treatment ofTrichinella spiralisin experimental animals (Unpublished master\u2019s thesis) Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth 1991 Dapoli India."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","first-page":"578","article-title":"Trichinella spiralis infection in a cat that died in the zoological gardens, Bombay","volume":"89","author":"Kalapesi R. M.","year":"1954","journal-title":"Indian Medical Gazette"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","first-page":"193","article-title":"A record of Trichinella spiralis (Owen, 1835) in India","volume":"77","author":"Maplestone P. A.","year":"1942","journal-title":"Indian Medical Gazette"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","article-title":"Another record of Trichinella spiralis in Calcutta","volume":"14","author":"Parmeter S. N.","year":"1968","journal-title":"Wiadomooeci Parazytologiczne"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","first-page":"135","article-title":"Trichinella spiralis (Owen, 1835) in Bandicota bengalensis (gray) in Bombay","volume":"42","author":"Niphadkar S. M.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Current Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(67)90163-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(67)90164-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","first-page":"596","article-title":"Distribution of Trichinella species in the old world","volume":"4","author":"Shaikenov B.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Wiadomosci Parazytologiczne"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","first-page":"4451","article-title":"Studies on occurrence of trichinellosis in pigs and its molecular characterization using multiplex PCR in Maharashtra, India","volume":"7","author":"Kale L. N.","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Current and Applied Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-016-0834-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","first-page":"15","article-title":"Studies on prevalence of trichinellosis in pigs and wild animals","volume":"13","author":"Kumar C. H. B.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","first-page":"231","article-title":"Trichinellosis\u2014a case report","volume":"39","author":"Alipuria S.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5359.95929"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.93769"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","article-title":"Incidental finding of Trichinella in a patient with gluteal abscess: a rare case report","volume":"5","author":"Joshi A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mediterranean Journal of Infection Microbes and Antimicrobials.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7860\/jcdr\/2015\/14050.6585"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","first-page":"729","article-title":"Trichinellosis of psoas muscle","volume":"50","author":"Mohan H.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the Association of Physicians of India"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","first-page":"414","article-title":"Clinical and biochemical profile of trichinellosis outbreak in north India","volume":"140","author":"Sharma R. K.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/td.2012.12001E"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_2","unstructured":"OIE Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals 2008 344\u2013352 Paris: World Organisation for Animal Health."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(99)00107-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_2","first-page":"372","article-title":"Rediscovery of Trichinella spiralis (Cox, 2002) in domestic pigs in India","volume":"48","author":"Niphadkar S. M.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Current Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0304-4017(01)00427-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/200108s2027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_2","first-page":"473","volume-title":"Trichinellosis in Man and Animals","author":"Nelson G. S.","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_2","first-page":"117","article-title":"Zur epidemiologie der trichinellose in Afrika","volume":"20","author":"Sachs R.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Zeitschrift Fur Tropenmedizin under Parasitologie"}],"container-title":["Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/tbed\/2024\/7550006.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/tbed\/2024\/7550006.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2024\/7550006","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T14:54:54Z","timestamp":1735916094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2024\/7550006"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Abdelfattah","family":"Selim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2024\/7550006"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2024\/7550006","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-1674","1865-1682"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-1674","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-1682","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-11-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"7550006"}}